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A gender quota is a quota used by countries and parties to increase women's representation or substantive equality based on gender in legislatures. [1] Women are largely underrepresented in parliaments and account for a 26.9% average in parliaments globally. [2] As of November 2021, gender quotas have been adopted in 132 countries. [3]
In 2016, the candidate nominated from the Nordic countries, Gunnar Bergby, caused controversy, after the Norwegian government had used "radical gender quotas" to nominate him over a 'more qualified' woman, CEDAW expert Anne Hellum whose candidacy had been supported by all the large women's rights NGOs and the research environments in women's ...
Quotaism [1] [2] [3] is the concept of organizing society by a quota system, whether by racial, gender, language or another demographic attribute. Examples of quotas include gender quotas, racial quota, and reservations. The basic premise is to have demographics represented at all levels and aspects of the civilization according to national ...
Reservation is a system of affirmative action in India that was established during the British rule.Based on provisions in the Indian Constitution, it allows the Union Government and the States and Territories of India to allocate a specific percentage of reserved quotas or seats, in higher education admissions, employment, political bodies, etc., for "socially and economically backward citizens".
Arun Kumar & Anr. versus Inspector General of Registration & Ors. (2019) is a decision of the Madras High Court which recognised trans woman as a "bride" within the meaning of the Hindu Marriage Act 1955 and prohibited genital-normalizing surgery (referred to as sex reassignment surgery in the case) for intersex infants and children except on life-threatening situations.
The use of gender quotas as a mean of rectifying disproportionate gender representation on corporate boards has been controversial. Many studies have found gender quotas to be beneficial, including through its positive impact on the appointment of a female board chair and a female CEO. [ 74 ]
The zipper system, also known as "vertical parity" or the "zebra system", [1] [2] is an electoral mechanism intended to enforce gender parity in countries using party-list proportional representation with closed lists.
Thiagalingam's Tribu is a new addition to Tamil literature. Brave fiction. This novel is the main novel in Tamil about the gender identity and its change It presents a compelling inquiry into the quality and merits of the age-old values that Tamils have built and preserved. Not for intellectual entertainment Out of humanitarian concern. [6]