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Fortepiano by Paul McNulty after Walter & Sohn, c. 1805 A fortepiano [ˌfɔrteˈpjaːno] is an early piano.In principle, the word "fortepiano" can designate any piano dating from the invention of the instrument by Bartolomeo Cristofori in 1700 up to the early 19th century.
The English word piano is a shortened form of the Italian pianoforte, [3] derived from gravecembalo col piano e forte ("harpsichord with soft and loud"). [4] Variations in volume ( loudness ) are produced in response to the pianist's touch (pressure on the keys): the greater the pressure, the greater the force of the hammer hitting the strings ...
piano (p) Gently (i.e. played or sung softly) (see dynamics) piano-vocal score The same as a vocal score, a piano arrangement along with the vocal parts of an opera, cantata, or similar Picardy third A Picardy third, Picardy cadence (ˈpɪkərdi ) or, in French, tierce picarde is a harmonic device used in Western classical music. It refers to ...
The expression fortepiano (sometimes called forte piano) is a sudden dynamic change used in a musical score, usually with the abbreviation fp, to designate a section of music in which the music should be played loudly (forte), then immediately softly (piano). [1] It is not unusual for it to be followed by a crescendo, a gradual increase in ...
[6]: 88 The 2000s-era grand piano action is a distant descendant of Cristofori's original. One of the most well-known French piano actions was created by Jean Schwander in 1844 and improved upon by his son-in-law Josef Herrburger; the Schwander action is still used in Bechstein pianos. At the turn of the century, Schwander-Herrburger merged ...
The modern form of the piano, which emerged in the late 19th century, is a very different instrument from the pianos for which earlier classical piano literature was originally composed. The modern piano has a heavy metal frame, thick strings made of top-grade steel, and a sturdy action with a substantial touch weight.
Symphonic Variations for Piano and Orchestra (1935–37, 1953–56) Opus clavisymphonicum—Concerto for Piano and Large Orchestra (1957–59) Opusculum clavisymphonicum vel claviorchestrale (1973–75) Leo Smit. Piano Concerto (1937) Charles Villiers Stanford. Piano Concerto in B-flat major, Op. posth (1873) [15] Piano Concerto No. 1 in G, Op ...
The most common of these are the piano, organ, and various electronic keyboards, including synthesizers and digital pianos. Other keyboard instruments include celestas, which are struck idiophones operated by a keyboard, and carillons, which are usually housed in bell towers or belfries of churches or municipal buildings. [1]