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Osteichthyes (/ ˌ ɒ s t iː ˈ ɪ k θ iː z / ost-ee-IK-theez; from Ancient Greek ὀστέον (ostéon) 'bone' and ἰχθύς (ikhthús) 'fish'), [2] also known as osteichthyans or commonly referred to as the bony fish, is a diverse clade of vertebrate animals that have endoskeletons primarily composed of bone tissue.
Codfish vertebra refers to the biconcave appearance of the vertebra in sagittal radiographs due to pathological changes, such as demineralisation. [1] [2] [3] Codfish appearance of the vertebra is seen in several conditions such as Osteoporosis, Osteomalacia, steroid or heparin therapy, Cushing syndrome, idiopathic, sickle cell disease, leukemia, Duchenne muscular dystrophy, and homo ...
The olfactory lobes are very large in fish that hunt primarily by smell, such as hagfish, sharks, and catfish. Behind the olfactory lobes is the two-lobed telencephalon, the structural equivalent to the cerebrum in higher vertebrates. In fish the telencephalon is concerned mostly with olfaction. [59] Together these structures form the forebrain.
The deep sea bathypelagic bony-eared assfish [138] has the smallest ratio of all known vertebrates. [139] Elephantnose fish: At the other extreme, the elephantnose fish, an African freshwater fish, has an exceptionally large brain-to-body weight ratio. These fish have the largest brain-to-body oxygen consumption ratio of all known vertebrates ...
These fish have a yellowish gray or pinkish toned ground color with dark slate-gray splotches, creating a marbling or leopard effect over the body and fins. The color pattern is darker along the top and lighter below. [28] The marbled lungfish's genome contains 133 billion base pairs, making it the largest known genome of any vertebrate.
Bony fish can be further divided into those with lobe fins and those with ray fins. Lobe fins have the form of fleshy lobes supported by bony stalks which extend from the body. [16] Lobe fins evolved into the legs of the first tetrapod land vertebrates, so by extension an early ancestor of humans was a lobe-finned fish.
Chondrichthyes (/ k ɒ n ˈ d r ɪ k θ i iː z /; from Ancient Greek χόνδρος (khóndros) 'cartilage' and ἰχθύς (ikhthús) 'fish') is a class of jawed fish that contains the cartilaginous fish or chondrichthyans, which all have skeletons primarily composed of cartilage.
Fish portal; Bichirs / ˈ b ɪ ʃ ɪər z / and the reedfish comprise Polypteridae / p ɒ l ɪ p ˈ t ɛ r ɪ d iː /, a family of archaic ray-finned fishes and the only family in the order Polypteriformes / p ə ˈ l ɪ p t ə r ɪ f ɔːr m iː z /. [2] All the species occur in freshwater habitats in tropical Africa and the Nile River system ...