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Botanical nomenclature is the formal, scientific naming of plants. It is related to, but distinct from taxonomy. Plant taxonomy is concerned with grouping and classifying plants; botanical nomenclature then provides names for the results of this process. The starting point for modern botanical nomenclature is Linnaeus' Species Plantarum of 1753.
Carl Linnaeus's garden at Uppsala, Sweden Title page of Species Plantarum, 1753. The International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (ICN or ICNafp) is the set of rules and recommendations dealing with the formal botanical names that are given to plants, fungi and a few other groups of organisms, all those "traditionally treated as algae, fungi, or plants". [1]:
A sign for Crassula rupestris at the University of Helsinki Botanical Garden. The roots for the binomial name are crassus (thick, fat) and rupestris (living on cliffs or rocks) This list of Latin and Greek words commonly used in systematic names is intended to help those unfamiliar with classical languages to understand and remember the ...
Presently nomenclature codes govern the naming of: Algae, Fungi and Plants – International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (ICN), which in July 2011 replaced the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature (ICBN) and the earlier International Rules of Botanical Nomenclature.
The current edition is known as the "Shenzhen Code", as it was drafted in 2017 at the Eighteenth International Botanical Congress in Shenzhen, China. International Code of Nomenclature for Cultivated Plants, 8th edition (vol. 151, 2010), a companion to the ICN that sets forth rules regarding the names of plant cultivars.
Secondly it must be a system, i.e. deal with the relationships of plants. Although thinking about relationships of plants had started much earlier (see history of plant systematics), such systems really only came into being in the 19th century, as a result of an ever-increasing influx from all over the world of newly discovered plant species ...
The key activities of cultivated plant taxonomy relate to classification and naming (nomenclature).The rules associated with naming plants are separate from the methods, principles or purposes of classification, except that the units of classification, the taxa, are placed in a nested hierarchy of ranks – like species within genera, and genera within families. [6]
The Kew Rule was used by some authors to determine the application of synonymous names in botanical nomenclature up to about 1906, [1] but was and still is contrary to codes of botanical nomenclature including the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants.