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In Polish consonant clusters, including across a word boundary, the obstruents are all voiced or all voiceless. To determine (based on the spelling of the words) whether a given cluster has voiced or voiceless obstruents, the last obstruent in the cluster, excluding w or rz (but including ż ), should be examined to see if it appears to be ...
In linguistics, a consonant cluster, consonant sequence or consonant compound, is a group of consonants which have no intervening vowel. In English, for example, the groups /spl/ and /ts/ are consonant clusters in the word splits. In the education field it is variously called a consonant cluster or a consonant blend. [1] [2]
Before some consonant clusters, particularly clusters beginning with a sibilant (in the case of z) or with f/w (in the case of w), the prepositions z and w take the form ze and we, respectively; (e.g. we Wrocławiu "in Wrocław").
Polish permits complex consonant clusters, which historically often arose from the disappearance of yers. Polish can have word-initial and word-medial clusters of up to four consonants, whereas word-final clusters can have up to five consonants. [ 68 ]
Polish orthography is the system of writing the Polish language. ... There are certain clusters where a written consonant would not normally be pronounced.
Final -ch strengthens to -k in all contexts, i.e. in both stems and in morphological endings. ch can shift to k also in cluster: kcieć (chcieć). trz, strz, drz usually simplify to cz, szcz, dż. źr is present instead of jrz. n does not assimilate to a velar nasal consonant before velar consonants.
It shifts to k in many clusters in certain words: krzest (chrzest). Infintives ending in -ść, -źć are usually simplified to -ś, -ź. sz is often realized as ś in loanwords, a process unrelated to masuration. ł is often lost after a consonant. pół and pół- (as a prefix) are reduced to pu(-). trz, strz, drz usually simplify to cz, szcz ...
merger of stop+fricative consonant clusters into affricates; e.g.: trzysta [ˈt͡ʂɨsta] (standard Polish: [ˈtʂɨsta] or [ˈt͡ʂʂɨsta]) [2] frequent usage of initial syllable stress, also oxytonic stress in vocative case (as opposed to paroxytonic stress common in other varieties of Polish) [2]