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The spectral hemispherical reflectance in frequency and spectral hemispherical reflectance in wavelength of a surface, denoted R ν and R λ respectively, are defined as [1] =,,, =,,, where Φ e, ν r is the spectral radiant flux in frequency reflected by that surface;
Values of spectral parameters like reflectance can then be directly extracted from all pixels in the imagery, aggregated and averaged to produce a reflectance curve for spectral analysis. [ 6 ] [ 8 ] In terms of non-imaging spectroradiometry, data collection and sampling are usually conducted through direct scanning with spectroradiometers in ...
A quantitative analysis of these effects is based on the Fresnel equations, but with additional calculations to account for interference. The transfer-matrix method , or the recursive Rouard method [ 18 ] can be used to solve multiple-surface problems.
The moment distance index (MDI) is a shape-based metric or shape index that can be used to analyze spectral reflectance curves and waveform LiDAR, proposed by Dr. Eric Ariel L. Salas and Dr. Geoffrey M. Henebry (Salas and Henebry, 2014). [1]
Some more complex spectrometer software packages also allow calculation of PAR μmol/m 2 /s, Metamerism, and candela calculations based on distance and include features like 2- and 20-degree observer, baseline overlay comparisons, transmission and reflectance. Spectrometers are available in numerous packages and sizes covering many wavelength ...
The specific (radiative) intensity is a radiometric concept. Related to it is the intensity in terms of the photon distribution function, [5] [24] which uses the metaphor [25] of a particle of light that traces the path of a ray. The idea common to the photon and the radiometric concepts is that the energy travels along rays.
Radiant intensity is used to characterize the emission of radiation by an antenna: [2], = (), where E e is the irradiance of the antenna;; r is the distance from the antenna.; Unlike power density, radiant intensity does not depend on distance: because radiant intensity is defined as the power through a solid angle, the decreasing power density over distance due to the inverse-square law is ...
Mathematically, for the spectral power distribution of a radiant exitance or irradiance one may write: =where M(λ) is the spectral irradiance (or exitance) of the light (SI units: W/m 2 = kg·m −1 ·s −3); Φ is the radiant flux of the source (SI unit: watt, W); A is the area over which the radiant flux is integrated (SI unit: square meter, m 2); and λ is the wavelength (SI unit: meter, m).