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Chemiluminescence in aqueous system is mainly caused by redox reactions. [4] Chemiluminescence after a reaction of hydrogen peroxide and luminol. Luminol in an alkaline solution with hydrogen peroxide in the presence of iron or copper, [5] or an auxiliary oxidant, [6] produces 3-aminophtalate in an excited state, which exhibits ...
Luminol (C 8 H 7 N 3 O 2) is a chemical that exhibits chemiluminescence, with a blue glow, when mixed with an appropriate oxidizing agent.Luminol is a white-to-pale-yellow crystalline solid that is soluble in most polar organic solvents but insoluble in water.
The reaction rate is pH dependent, and slightly alkaline conditions achieved by adding a weak base, e.g. sodium salicylate, will produce brighter light.Developed by American Cyanamid in the 1960s, the formulation containing CPPO, a fluorescer, and a glass capsule containing hydrogen peroxide and a base catalyst, all in dialkyl phthalate solvents, was marketed as Cyalume.
Electrochemiluminescence or electrogenerated chemiluminescence (ECL) is a kind of luminescence produced during electrochemical reactions in solutions. In electrogenerated chemiluminescence, electrochemically generated intermediates undergo a highly exergonic reaction to produce an electronically excited state that then emits light upon relaxation to a lower-level state.
The artificial solution described by Dennis Hoagland in 1933, [1] known as Hoagland solution (0), has been modified several times, mainly to add ferric chelates to keep iron effectively in solution, [6] and to optimize the composition and concentration of other trace elements, some of which are not generally credited with a function in plant nutrition. [7]
In solution with phenol (also called carbolic acid) as an accentuator [16] it is called carbol fuchsin and is used for the Ziehl–Neelsen and other similar acid-fast staining of the mycobacteria which cause tuberculosis, leprosy etc. [17] Basic fuchsine is widely used in biology to stain the nucleus, and is also a component of Lactofuchsin ...
It is part of the Hill reagents family. When exposed to light in a photosynthetic system, the dye is decolorised by chemical reduction. When exposed to light in a photosynthetic system, the dye is decolorised by chemical reduction.
Bioluminescence is the emission of light during a chemiluminescence reaction by living organisms. [1] Bioluminescence occurs in diverse organisms ranging from marine vertebrates and invertebrates , as well as in some fungi , microorganisms including some bioluminescent bacteria , dinoflagellates and terrestrial arthropods such as fireflies .