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In organic chemistry, ethoxylation is a chemical reaction in which ethylene oxide (C 2 H 4 O) adds to a substrate. It is the most widely practiced alkoxylation, which involves the addition of epoxides to substrates. In the usual application, alcohols and phenols are converted into R(OC 2 H 4) n OH, where n ranges from 1 to 10. Such compounds ...
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The usual manifestation of this reaction is ethoxylation of alcohols (ROH), in which case ethylene oxide is the alkoxylating agent: ROH + C 2 H 4 O → ROCH 2 CH 2 OH. Another industrially significant epoxide is propylene oxide (PO, OCH 2 CHCH 3). PO is mainly used for alkoxylation to produce polyether polyols.
[32] [33] The ethoxylation process makes the cleansing agents, such as sodium laureth sulfate and ammonium laureth sulfate, less abrasive and offers enhanced foaming characteristics. 1,4-Dioxane is found in small amounts in some cosmetics, a yet unregulated substance used in cosmetics in both China and the U.S. [34] Research has found the ...
The findings, published recently in the journal Cell Systems, calculate that a 5-year-old dog would be pushing 60 in human years. Skip to main content. Sign in. Mail. 24/7 Help. For premium ...
Narrow-range ethoxylates (NREs) in chemistry are fatty alcohol polyglycol ethers with a narrow homolog distribution and are known nonionic surfactants.They can be produced industrially, for example, by the addition of ethylene oxide onto fatty alcohols in the presence of suitable catalysts (layer compounds which have been calcined or hydrophobized with fatty acids).
It is therefore sometimes used in epoxy chemistry enabling a large reduction in cure time. [5] As the molecule has 4 functional acrylate groups it confers high cross-link density. Ethoxylation maybe used to produce ethoxylated versions which find use in electron beam curing. [6] The material also has pharmaceutical uses [7]
It is formed by the ethoxylation chemical reaction of dodecanol (lauryl alcohol) to give a material with 5 repeat units of ethylene glycol. Multilamellar vesicle formation [ edit ]