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Phenylpropanoic acid can be prepared from cinnamic acid by hydrogenation. [5] [6] Originally it was prepared by reduction with sodium amalgam in water and by electrolysis.[7]A characteristic reaction of phenylpropanoic acid is its cyclization to 1-indanone.
Water-reactive substances [1] are those that spontaneously undergo a chemical reaction with water, often noted as generating flammable gas. [2] Some are highly reducing in nature. [ 3 ] Notable examples include alkali metals , lithium through caesium , and alkaline earth metals , magnesium through barium .
Tropic acid can be prepared by the Ivanov reaction between phenylacetic acid and formaldehyde.In this method, the dianion of the acid is formed using a Grignard reagent, isopropyl magnesium chloride, and this reacts with the aldehyde to form the magnesium salt of the product, from which the pure acid is obtained after acidification with sulfuric acid.
Phenylpropiolic acid, C 6 H 5 CCCO 2 H, formed by the action of alcoholic potash on cinnamic acid dibromide, C 6 H 5 CHBrCHBrCO 2 H, crystallizes in long needles or prisms which melt at 136–137 °C. When heated with water to 120 °C, it yields phenylacetylene (C 6 H 5 CCH).
Typical examples are liquid-phase hydrogenation, hydrodesulfurization, and hydrodenitrogenation in refineries (three phase hydrotreater) and oxidation of harmful chemical compounds in wastewater streams or of cumene in the cumene process. [1] [2] [3]
The classic example of a dehydration reaction is the Fischer esterification, which involves treating a carboxylic acid with an alcohol to give an ester RCO 2 H + R′OH ⇌ RCO 2 R′ + H 2 O. Often such reactions require the presence of a dehydrating agent, i.e. a substance that reacts with water.
Wilkinson's catalyst is best known for catalyzing the hydrogenation of olefins with molecular hydrogen. [11] [12] The mechanism of this reaction involves the initial dissociation of one or two triphenylphosphine ligands to give 14- or 12-electron complexes, respectively, followed by oxidative addition of H 2 to the metal.
Phenylacetic, 3-phenylpropanoic and 3-phenylpropenoic acids are found in propolis, mammalian exocrine secretions or plant fragrances. During a systematic study of the lipids from seeds of the plant Araceae, [1] the presence of 13-phenyltridecanoic acid as a major component (5-16% of total fatty acids)was discovered. Other similar compounds but ...