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Aureobasidium melanogenum, formerly known as Aureobasidium pullulans var. melanogenum is a ubiquitous black, yeast-like fungus that is found mainly in freshwater habitats. . The species also includes strains causing human infections, which were previously classified as A. pullulans
The light-absorbing compound in the fungus cell membranes had the effect of turning the water black. [5] While there are many cases of extremophiles (organisms that can live in severe conditions such as that of the radioactive power plant), a hypothetical radiotrophic fungus would grow because of the radiation, rather than in spite of it. [6]
Melanin (/ ˈ m ɛ l ə n ɪ n / ⓘ; from Ancient Greek μέλας (mélas) 'black, dark') is a family of biomolecules organized as oligomers or polymers, which among other functions provide the pigments of many organisms. [1] Melanin pigments are produced in a specialized group of cells known as melanocytes.
The name chaga comes from the Russian name of the fungus, ча́га, čága, which in turn is borrowed from the word for "mushroom" in Komi, тшак, tšak, the language of the indigenous peoples in the Kama River Basin, west of the Ural Mountains. It is also known as the clinker polypore, cinder conk, black mass and birch canker polypore. [17]
Bjerkandera adusta, commonly known as the smoky polypore or smoky bracket, [2] is a species of fungus in the family Phanerochaetaceae. It is a plant pathogen that causes white rot in live trees, but most commonly appears on dead wood.
[1] [2] Other laccases, such as those produced by the fungus Pleurotus ostreatus, play a role in the degradation of lignin, and can therefore be classed as lignin-modifying enzymes. [3] Other laccases produced by fungi can facilitate the biosynthesis of melanin pigments. [4] Laccases catalyze ring cleavage of aromatic compounds. [5]
The English word fungus is directly adopted from the Latin fungus (mushroom), used in the writings of Horace and Pliny. [10] This in turn is derived from the Greek word sphongos (σφόγγος 'sponge'), which refers to the macroscopic structures and morphology of mushrooms and molds; [11] the root is also used in other languages, such as the German Schwamm ('sponge') and Schimmel ('mold').
Presence of 1,8-dihydroxynaphthalene melanin in the cell wall [9] confers to the microfungi their characteristic olivaceous to dark brown/black colour. The consortium comprises two phylogenetically very different fungal groups. [10] [11] Many are found in the orders Capnodiales, Dothideales, and Pleosporales (class Dothideomycetes). These black ...