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  2. Noise generator - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noise_generator

    Zener diode based noise source. A noise generator is a circuit that produces electrical noise (i.e., a random signal). Noise generators are used to test signals for measuring noise figure, frequency response, and other parameters. Noise generators are also used for generating random numbers. [1]

  3. Zener diode - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zener_diode

    Another application of the Zener diode is using its avalanche breakdown noise (see noise generator § Zener diode), which for instance can be used for dithering in an analog-to-digital converter when at a rms level equivalent to 1 ⁄ 3 to 1 lsb [10] or to create a random number generator.

  4. Noise-figure meter - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noise-figure_meter

    A noise-figure meter could automate that procedure as follows: A gated broadband noise source (such as an avalanche diode) drives the device under test. A measurement is made with the noise source on; another measurement with the noise source off. From those measurements and the characteristics of the noise source, the noise figure can be ...

  5. Hardware random number generator - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hardware_random_number...

    A USB-pluggable hardware true random number generator. In computing, a hardware random number generator (HRNG), true random number generator (TRNG), non-deterministic random bit generator (NRBG), [1] or physical random number generator [2] [3] is a device that generates random numbers from a physical process capable of producing entropy (in other words, the device always has access to a ...

  6. Noise (electronics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noise_(electronics)

    Different types of noise are generated by different devices and different processes. Thermal noise is unavoidable at non-zero temperature (see fluctuation-dissipation theorem), while other types depend mostly on device type (such as shot noise, [1] [3] which needs a steep potential barrier) or manufacturing quality and semiconductor defects, such as conductance fluctuations, including 1/f noise.

  7. Texas Instruments SN76489 - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Texas_Instruments_SN76489

    The Texas Instruments SN76489 is a programmable sound generator chip from the 1980s, used to create music and sound effects on computers and video game systems. Initially developed by Texas Instruments for its TI-99/4A home computer, it was later updated and widely adopted in systems like the BBC Micro , ColecoVision , IBM PCjr , Sega's Master ...

  8. Excess noise ratio - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Excess_Noise_Ratio

    Thus, receivers with a narrow bandwidth have a higher sensitivity than receivers with a large bandwidth and input noise can be decreased by cooling the receiver input stage. A noise diode is a device which has a defined excess noise ratio (ENR). When the diode is off (unpowered) the noise from it will be thermal noise defined by the above formula.

  9. Classroom management - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classroom_management

    Classroom management is the process teachers use to ensure that classroom lessons run smoothly without disruptive behavior from students compromising the delivery of instruction. It includes the prevention of disruptive behavior preemptively, as well as effectively responding to it after it happens.