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In mathematical formulas, the ± symbol may be used to indicate a symbol that may be replaced by either of the plus and minus signs, + or −, allowing the formula to represent two values or two equations. [2] If x 2 = 9, one may give the solution as x = ±3. This indicates that the equation has two solutions: x = +3 and x = −3.
Fermat's theorem on sums of two squares is strongly related with the theory of Gaussian primes.. A Gaussian integer is a complex number + such that a and b are integers. The norm (+) = + of a Gaussian integer is an integer equal to the square of the absolute value of the Gaussian integer.
The punt volat ("flying point") is used in Catalan between two Ls in cases where each belongs to a separate syllable, for example cel·la, "cell". This distinguishes such " geminate Ls" ( ela geminada ), which are pronounced [ ɫ ː ] , from "double L" ( doble ela ), which are written without the flying point and are pronounced [ ʎ ] .
The "two-fingered salute" (also "the forks" in Australia [11]) is commonly performed by flicking the V upwards from wrist or elbow. The V sign, when the palm is facing toward the person giving the sign, has long been an insulting gesture in the United Kingdom, and later in Ireland, Australia, New Zealand and South Africa. [2]
In Unicode, two encodings are available: U+061F ؟ ARABIC QUESTION MARK (with bi-directional code AL: Right-to-Left Arabic) and U+2E2E ⸮ REVERSED QUESTION MARK (with bi-directional code Other Neutrals). Some browsers may display the character in the previous sentence as a forward question mark due to font or text directionality issues.
Modular exponentiation is exponentiation performed over a modulus.It is useful in computer science, especially in the field of public-key cryptography, where it is used in both Diffie–Hellman key exchange and RSA public/private keys.
In probability theory and statistics, the Laplace distribution is a continuous probability distribution named after Pierre-Simon Laplace.It is also sometimes called the double exponential distribution, because it can be thought of as two exponential distributions (with an additional location parameter) spliced together along the abscissa, although the term is also sometimes used to refer to ...
It was also used to mark Roman numerals whose values are multiplied by 1,000. [2] Today, however, the common usage of a vinculum to indicate the repetend of a repeating decimal [ 3 ] [ 4 ] is a significant exception and reflects the original usage.