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The Book of Caverns is one of the best sources of information about the Egyptian concept of hell. [2] The Book of Caverns originated in the 13th century BC in the Ramesside Period. [3] The earliest known version of this work is on the left hand wall of the Osireion in Abydos. [1] Later it appears in the tomb of Ramesses IV in the Valley of the ...
[1] Double image of the sky goddess Nut on the ceiling of KV1. The decoration within the passageway of the tomb contains illustrations from the Book of Gates, the Book of Caverns as well as the Book of the Earth. [2] The walls of the burial chamber are decorated with extracts from the Book of the Earth.
On both sides are images of Ramesses VI before Ra-Horakhty and Osiris.The scenes originally depicted Ramesses V but were usurped. On the south wall of the corridor begin the scenes from a complete version of the Book of Gates, while the north wall is decorated with an almost complete exemplar of the Book of Caverns. [4]
In particular, these creatures are systematically listed in the "Spell of the Twelve Caves" known from a papyrus (Cairo 24742) [4] dating back to the reign of Pharaoh Amenhotep II (c. 1427–1401 BC) of the 18th Dynasty. [1] The first seven caverns contained groups of three mummiform and three anthropomorphic deities, two male and one female in ...
The Egyptian Book of the Dead: The Book of Going forth by Day, Twentieth Anniversary Edition. Chronicle Books. ISBN 978-1-4521-4438-2. Lichtheim, Miriam (1975). Ancient Egyptian Literature, vol 1. London, England: University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-02899-6. Hornung, E. (1999). The Ancient Egyptian Books of the Afterlife. Translated by ...
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Early European visitors to the area included Richard Pococke, who may have visited KV2 and designated it "Tomb B" in his Observations of Egypt, published in 1743. [10] [disputed – discuss] The savants accompanying Napoleon's campaign in Egypt surveyed the Valley of the Kings and designated KV2 as "IIe Tombeau" ("2nd Tomb") in their list. [10]
[1] The text describes the Duat, or underworld, as a realm divided into twelve caves, much like the twelve hours found in the Amduat and the Book of Gates, two other funerary texts from the early New Kingdom. Each cave is described as containing several groups of deities who grant benefits to the soul of a deceased person, such as enabling the ...