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See main article about Yugoslavia. Note: Yugoslavia was a country in Southeast Europe and Central Europe for most of the 20th century. It came into existence after World War I in 1918 under the name of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes by the merger of the provisional State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs.
The Jews of Serbia lived relatively peacefully in Yugoslavia between World War II and the 1990s, when the end of the Cold War caused the breakup of Yugoslavia and ensuing civil wars. During the Yugoslav Wars , and international sanctions many Jews chose to immigrate to Israel and the United States.
The Jewish Community of Bosnia and Herzegovina was reconstituted after the Holocaust, but most survivors chose to emigrate to Israel. [16] The community came under the auspices of the Federation of Jewish Communities in Yugoslavia, based in the capital, Belgrade. Jewish personalities remained prominent in Socialist Bosnia and Herzegovina.
"Serbia is the only country in which the Jewish question and the Gypsy question has been solved." [12] By the time Serbia and Yugoslavia were liberated in 1944, most of the Serbian Jewry had been murdered. Of the 82,500 Jews of Yugoslavia alive in 1941, only 14,000 (17%) survived the Holocaust. [13]
NOTE: Yugoslavia broke apart in the 1990s to form the following 5 countries: Bosnia and Herzegovina; Croatia; Republic of Macedonia; Slovenia; Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (FRY) In 2003, the FRY was reconstituted as the federation of Serbia and Montenegro. In 2006, it was split into the separate countries of: Montenegro; Serbia
Concentration camps in the Independent State of Croatia on a map of all camps in Yugoslavia in World War II.. The Holocaust saw the genocide of Jews, Serbs and Romani within the Independent State of Croatia (Croatian: Nezavisna Država Hrvatska, NDH), a fascist puppet state that existed during World War II, led by the Ustaše regime, which ruled an occupied area of Yugoslavia including most of ...
The Yugoslav Partisans, [note 1] [11] officially the National Liberation Army and Partisan Detachments of Yugoslavia [note 2] [12] (often shortened as the National Liberation Army [note 3]) was the communist-led anti-fascist resistance to the Axis powers (chiefly Nazi Germany) in occupied Yugoslavia during World War II.
Map of concentration camps in Yugoslavia in World War II The monument to the Holocaust victims in Belgrade. During the Holocaust in the Territory of the Military Commander in Serbia, the military administration of Nazi Germany established after the April 1941 invasion of Yugoslavia, Jewish and Romani people were subjected to genocidal acts.