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A compression fracture is a collapse of a vertebra. It may be due to trauma or due to a weakening of the vertebra (compare with burst fracture ). This weakening is seen in patients with osteoporosis or osteogenesis imperfecta , lytic lesions from metastatic or primary tumors , [ 1 ] or infection. [ 2 ]
Emergency radiation therapy (usually 20 grays in 5 fractions, 30 grays in 10 fractions or 8 grays in 1 fraction) is the mainstay of treatment for malignant spinal cord compression. It is very effective as pain control and local disease control.
The fracture is often unstable. [1] Treatment may be conservative with the use of a brace or via surgery. [1] The fracture is currently rare. [7] It was first described by G. Q. Chance, a radiologist from Manchester, UK, in 1948. [3] [13] The fracture was more common in the 1950s and 1960s before shoulder harnesses became common. [3] [5]
Clay-shoveler fracture – fracture through the spinous process of a vertebra occurring at any of the lower cervical or upper thoracic vertebrae; Burst fracture – in which a vertebra breaks from a high-energy axial load; Compression fracture – a collapse of a vertebra, often resulting in the form of a wedge-shape due to larger compression ...
Low energy injury (usually fall from standing height) is the usual cause of distal end radius fracture (66 to 77% of cases). High energy injuries accounts for 10% of wrist fractures. [5] About 57% to 66% of the fractures are extra-articular fractures, 9% to 16% are partial-articular fractures, and 25% to 35% are complete articular fractures.
A flexion teardrop fracture is a fracture of the anteroinferior aspect of a cervical vertebral body due to flexion of the spine along with vertical axial compression. [1] The fracture continues sagittally through the vertebral body, and is associated with deformity of the body and subluxation or dislocation of the facet joints at the injured level. [2]
Neurogenic TOS includes disorders produced by compression of components of the brachial plexus nerves. The neurogenic form of TOS accounts for 95% of all cases of TOS. [21] Venous TOS is due to compression of the subclavian vein. [21] This makes up about 4% of cases. [2] Arterial TOS is due to compression of the subclavian artery. [21]
The most common fractures that occur due to osteoporosis is in the hip or vertebrae, [10] resulting in a loss of space between the ribs and the iliac crest. It is estimated that osteoporosis can cause 25% of females over 50 years of age within the United States to have at least one vertebral fracture in their lifetime. [11]