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  2. Melanin - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melanin

    In the absence of albinism or hyperpigmentation, the human epidermis contains approximately 74% eumelanin and 26% pheomelanin, largely irrespective of skin tone, with eumelanin content ranging between 71.8–78.9%, and pheomelanin varying between 21.1–28.2%. [7]

  3. Human skin color - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_skin_color

    Eumelanin is found in hair, areola, and skin, and the hair colors gray, black, blond, and brown. In humans, it is more abundant in people with dark skin. Pheomelanin, a pink to red hue is found in particularly large quantities in red hair, [16] the lips, nipples, glans of the penis, and vagina. [17]

  4. Light skin - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Light_skin

    Humans with naturally occurring light skin have varied amounts of smaller and sparsely distributed eumelanin and its lighter-coloured relative, pheomelanin. [ 57 ] [ 86 ] The concentration of pheomelanin varies highly within populations from individual to individual, but it is more commonly found among lightly pigmented Europeans, East Asians ...

  5. Melanocyte - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melanocyte

    There are also differences in the quantity and relative amounts of eumelanin and pheomelanin. [13] Pigmentation including tanning is under hormonal control, including the MSH and ACTH peptides that are produced from the precursor proopiomelanocortin. Vitiligo is a skin disease where people lack melanin in certain areas in the skin.

  6. Human hair color - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_hair_color

    Pheomelanin colors hair orange and red. Eumelanin, which has two subtypes of black or brown, determines the darkness of the hair color; [4] more black eumelanin leads to blacker hair and more brown eumelanin to browner hair. [6] All human hair has some amount of both pigments. [9] Over 95% of melanin content in black and brown hair is eumelanin ...

  7. Dark skin - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark_skin

    A woman with dark skin. Dark skin is a type of human skin color that is rich in melanin pigments. [1] [2] [3] People with dark skin are often referred to as black people, [4] although this usage can be ambiguous in some countries where it is also used to specifically refer to different ethnic groups or populations. [5] [6] [7] [8]

  8. Agouti-signaling protein - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agouti-signaling_protein

    Agouti-signaling protein is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ASIP gene. [5] [6] It is responsible for the distribution of melanin pigment in mammals.[7] [8] Agouti interacts with the melanocortin 1 receptor to determine whether the melanocyte (pigment cell) produces phaeomelanin (a red to yellow pigment), or eumelanin (a brown to black pigment). [9]

  9. Near-infrared window in biological tissue - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Near-infrared_window_in...

    Melanin is one of the major absorbers of light in some biological tissue (although its contribution is smaller than other components). There are two types of melanin: eumelanin which is black-brown and pheomelanin which is red-yellow. [8] The molar extinction coefficient spectra corresponding to both types are shown in Figure 3.