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Nationalisation dates back to the 'regies' or state monopolies organized under the Ancien Régime, for example, the monopoly on tobacco sales. Communications companies France Telecom and La Poste are relics of the state postal and telecommunications monopolies. There was a major expansion of the nationalised sector following World War II. [23]
In economics, a government-granted monopoly (also called a "de jure monopoly" or "regulated monopoly") is a form of coercive monopoly by which a government grants exclusive privilege to a private individual or firm to be the sole provider of a good or service; potential competitors are excluded from the market by law, regulation, or other mechanisms of government enforcement.
The production of matches (allumettes) was added to the state monopoly's purview in 1935 and the company was renamed SEITA (Société d'exploitation industrielle des tabacs et des allumettes). [ 2 ] Following the end of World War II , Spain similarly established a state-owned tobacco monopoly called Tabacalera, Sociedad Anonima, Compañia ...
The company was folded and re-created in 2009, and privatized in 2012, under the supervision of the EU and IMF, as it was part of the debt-restructuring process of 2012. OPAP (Lottery and Betting Monopoly) – privatization completed in 2013, when the last remaining government-owned stock was sold [15]
The result that monopoly prices are higher, and production output lesser, than a competitive company follow from a requirement that the monopoly not charge different prices for different customers. That is, the monopoly is restricted from engaging in price discrimination (this is termed first degree price discrimination , such that all ...
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After the opening of telecommunications in Costa Rica when the monopoly of the ICE Group was dissolved, the government opened a tender for telecommunications companies wishing to enter Costa Rica. Superintendencia de Tele-Comunicaciones (SUTEL) of Costa Rica secured a license, and the company began offering lines on November 5, 2011 to users ...
A state monopoly can be characterized by its commercial behavior not being effectively limited by the competitive pressures of private organisations. [1] [2] This occurs when its business activities exert an extensive influence within the market, can act autonomously of any competitors, and potential competitors are unable to successfully compete with it.