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Diamond certified FL (flawless) by the GIA Two diamonds of grade VS 1 and SI 2 respectively. The GIA diamond grading scale is divided into six categories and eleven grades. [2] The clarity categories and grades are: [3] Flawless category (FL) diamonds have no inclusions or blemishes visible under 10× magnification. [3]
Commonly known as magic blue, it is the hexachloroantimonate salt of an amine radical cation. It is a blue solid that reacts with many solvents but is soluble in acetonitrile . The compound is a popular oxidizing agent in organic and organometallic chemistry , with a reduction potential of 0.67 V versus ferrocene /ferrocenium ( acetonitrile ...
Diamond colors more saturated than this scale are known as "fancy color" diamonds. Any light shade of diamond other than Light Yellow or Light Brown automatically falls out of the scale. For instance, a pale blue diamond won't get a "K", "N", or "S" color grade, it will get a Faint Blue, Very Light Blue or Light Blue grade.
Only one percent of natural diamonds are of this type, and most are blue to grey. [30] Boron is an acceptor in diamond: boron atoms have one less available electron than the carbon atoms; therefore, each boron atom substituting for a carbon atom creates an electron hole in the band gap that can accept an electron from the valence band.
Diamonds become increasingly rare when considering higher clarity gradings. Only about 20% of all diamonds mined have a clarity rating high enough for the diamond to be considered appropriate for use as a gemstone; the other 80% are relegated to industrial use. Of that top 20%, a significant portion contains one or more visible inclusions.
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GIA was also responsible for the first modern diamond grading reports, where it introduced grading methodologies for diamond color and diamond clarity. Current research at gemological laboratories concerns the development of improved detection techniques for treated and synthetic diamonds, as well as for treated sapphires, rubies and pearls.
IGI provides independent grading reports, colored stone reports, identification and appraisal reports, diamond authentication and attestations of origin, and laser inscription services. They also offers diamond and colored stone courses through IGI's Schools of Gemology. [7] Graduates from the IGI school of Gemology are awarded an IGI Diploma.