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2. Fixed-point arithmetic - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fixed-point_arithmetic

   This decimal format can also represent any binary fraction a/2 m, such as 1/8 (0.125) or 17/32 (0.53125). More generally, a rational number a/b, with a and b relatively prime and b positive, can be exactly represented in binary fixed point only if b is a power of 2; and in decimal fixed point only if b has no prime factors other than 2 and/or 5.

3. Exponentiation - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exponentiation

   Graphs of y = b x for various bases b: base 10, base e, base 2, base ⁠ 1 / 2 ⁠. Each curve passes through the point (0, 1) because any nonzero number raised to the power of 0 is 1. At x = 1, the value of y equals the base because any number raised to the power of 1 is the number itself.

4. Fraction - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fraction

   Unit fractions can also be expressed using negative exponents, as in 2 −1, which represents 1/2, and 2 −2, which represents 1/(2 2) or 1/4. A dyadic fraction is a common fraction in which the denominator is a power of two , e.g. ⁠ 1 / 8 ⁠ = ⁠ 1 / 2 3 ⁠ .

5. Power of two - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_of_two

   Two to the power of n, written as 2 n, is the number of values in which the bits in a binary word of length n can be set, where each bit is either of two values. A word, interpreted as representing an integer in a range starting at zero, referred to as an "unsigned integer", can represent values from 0 (000...000 2) to 2 n − 1 (111...111 2) inclusively.

6. Dyadic rational - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dyadic_rational

   In mathematics, a dyadic rational or binary rational is a number that can be expressed as a fraction whose denominator is a power of two. For example, 1/2, 3/2, and 3/8 are dyadic rationals, but 1/3 is not. These numbers are important in computer science because they are the only ones with finite binary representations. Dyadic rationals also ...

7. Order of magnitude - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Order_of_magnitude

   Thus 4 000 000, which has a logarithm (in base 10) of 6.602, has 7 as its nearest order of magnitude, because "nearest" implies rounding rather than truncation. For a number written in scientific notation, this logarithmic rounding scale requires rounding up to the next power of ten when the multiplier is greater than the square root of ten ...