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Stable limit cycle (shown in bold) and two other trajectories spiraling into it Stable limit cycle (shown in bold) for the Van der Pol oscillator. In mathematics, in the study of dynamical systems with two-dimensional phase space, a limit cycle is a closed trajectory in phase space having the property that at least one other trajectory spirals into it either as time approaches infinity or as ...
The Van der Pol oscillator was originally proposed by the Dutch electrical engineer and physicist Balthasar van der Pol while he was working at Philips. [2] Van der Pol found stable oscillations, [3] which he subsequently called relaxation-oscillations [4] and are now known as a type of limit cycle, in electrical circuits employing vacuum tubes.
The system thus describes a stable circular limit cycle with radius and angular velocity . When μ < 0 {\displaystyle \mu <0} then r = 0 {\displaystyle r=0} is the only fixed point and it is stable.
A transverse bifurcation of a heteroclinic cycle is caused when the real part of a transverse eigenvalue of one of the equilibria in the cycle passes through zero. This will also cause a change in stability of the heteroclinic cycle. Infinite-period bifurcation in which a stable node and saddle point simultaneously occur on a limit cycle. [5]
These include limit cycle theory, Poincaré maps, Lyapunov stability theory, and describing functions. If only solutions near a stable point are of interest, nonlinear systems can often be linearized by approximating them by a linear system obtained by expanding the nonlinear solution in a series , and then linear techniques can be used. [ 1 ]
This reveals information such as whether an attractor, a repellor or limit cycle is present for the chosen parameter value. The concept of topological equivalence is important in classifying the behaviour of systems by specifying when two different phase portraits represent the same qualitative dynamic behavior.
After the event, the stable manifold converges to the sink on the right, and the unstable manifold converges to a limit cycle around the left spiral point. After the homoclinic bifurcation. When b = 2.0 , I e x t = 5.45 {\displaystyle b=2.0,I_{ext}=5.45} , there is one stable spiral point on the left, and one stable sink on the right.
This reveals information such as whether an attractor, a repellor or limit cycle is present for the chosen parameter value. The concept of topological equivalence is important in classifying the behaviour of systems by specifying when two different phase portraits represent the same qualitative dynamic behavior.