Search results
Results from the WOW.Com Content Network
Oscillation of a sequence (shown in blue) is the difference between the limit superior and limit inferior of the sequence. In mathematics, the oscillation of a function or a sequence is a number that quantifies how much that sequence or function varies between its extreme values as it approaches infinity or a point.
In addition, an oscillating system may be subject to some external force, as when an AC circuit is connected to an outside power source. In this case the oscillation is said to be driven . The simplest example of this is a spring-mass system with a sinusoidal driving force.
In quantum mechanics, each physical system is associated with a Hilbert space, each element of which represents a possible state of the physical system.The approach codified by John von Neumann represents a measurement upon a physical system by a self-adjoint operator on that Hilbert space termed an "observable".
In quantum mechanics, the expectation value is the probabilistic expected value of the result (measurement) of an experiment. It can be thought of as an average of all the possible outcomes of a measurement as weighted by their likelihood, and as such it is not the most probable value of a measurement; indeed the expectation value may have zero probability of occurring (e.g. measurements which ...
All quantum systems show wave-like and particle-like properties. The particle-like properties of the phonon are best understood using the methods of second quantization and operator techniques described elsewhere. [18] In the continuum limit, a → 0, N → ∞, while Na is held fixed.
The Q factor is a parameter that describes the resonance behavior of an underdamped harmonic oscillator (resonator). Sinusoidally driven resonators having higher Q factors resonate with greater amplitudes (at the resonant frequency) but have a smaller range of frequencies around that frequency for which they resonate; the range of frequencies for which the oscillator resonates is called the ...
where is the initial state of the system and is the Hamiltonian of the system. θ {\displaystyle \theta } is estimated based on measurements on ϱ ( θ ) . {\displaystyle \varrho (\theta ).} Typically, the system is composed of many particles, and the Hamiltonian is a sum of single-particle terms
A simple harmonic oscillator is an oscillator that is neither driven nor damped.It consists of a mass m, which experiences a single force F, which pulls the mass in the direction of the point x = 0 and depends only on the position x of the mass and a constant k.