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Learning styles refer to a range of theories that aim to account for differences in individuals' learning. [1] Although there is ample evidence that individuals express personal preferences on how they prefer to receive information, [2]: 108 few studies have found validity in using learning styles in education.
He created the VARK test based on prior experience and by working with students and teachers at Lincoln University. [3] Despite the popularity of learning styles and inventories such as the VARK, there is no evidence to support the idea that matching activities to one’s learning style improves learning.
Visual learning is a learning style among the learning styles of Neil Fleming's VARK model in which information is presented to a learner in a visual format. Visual learners can utilize graphs, charts, maps, diagrams, and other forms of visual stimulation to effectively interpret information.
Neil Fleming, a New Zealand teacher and educational theorist, designed the VARK model (visual, aural or auditory, read/write and kinesthetic). [2] According to Fleming's model, kinesthetic learners are similar to tactile learners in that they like hands-on experiential learning.
A popular multi-dimensional instrument for the measure of cognitive style is the Myers–Briggs Type Indicator.. Riding (1991) developed a two-dimensional cognitive style instrument, his Cognitive Style Analysis (CSA), which is a compiled computer-presented test that measures individuals' position on two orthogonal dimensions – Wholist-Analytic (W-A) and Verbal-Imagery (V-I).
The Gregorc Style Delineator is a self-scoring written instrument that elicits responses to a set of 40 specific words. [3] Scoring the responses will give values for a model with two axes: a "perceptual space duality," concrete vs. abstract, and an "ordering duality," sequential vs. random [4] The resulting quadrants are the "styles":
The acknowledgement and application of different cognitive and learning styles, including visual, kinesthetic, musical, mathematical, and verbal thinking styles, are a common part of many current teacher training courses. [6] Those who think in pictures have generally claimed to be best at visual learning. [7]
Originally NLP taught that people preferred one representational system over another. People could be stuck by thinking about a problem in their "preferred representational system" (PRS). Some took this idea further and categorised people as auditory, kinesthetic, and visual thinkers (see also: learning styles). It was claimed that swifter and ...