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The original marketing mix, or 4 Ps, as originally proposed by marketers and academic Philip Kotler and E. Jerome McCarthy, provides a framework for marketing decision-making. [6] McCarthy's marketing mix has since become one of the most enduring and widely accepted frameworks in marketing. [22]
The extended marketing mix is used in the marketing of services, ideas and customer experiences and typically refers to a model of 7 Ps and includes the original 4 Ps plus process, physical evidence and people. Some texts use a model of 8 Ps and include performance level (service quality) as an 8th P.
Philip Kotler (born May 27, 1931) is an American marketing author, consultant, and professor emeritus; the S. C. Johnson & Son Distinguished Professor of International Marketing at the Kellogg School of Management at Northwestern University (1962–2018). [1] He is known for popularizing the definition of marketing mix.
Megamarketing is a term coined by U.S. marketing academic, Philip Kotler, [1] [2] [3] to describe the type of marketing activity required when it is necessary to manage elements of the firm's external environment (governments, the media, pressure groups, etc.) as well as the marketing variables; Kotler suggests that two more Ps must be added to the marketing mix: public relations and power.
Marketing ethics, however, can be divided into two categories: Positive marketing ethics. Normative marketing ethics. Positive marketing ethics looks at the statement "what is" when it comes to examining marketing practices, an example would be to research fraudulent advertising and keep a record of the violations.
Mann, Don, Brand Ecosystems, the relative harmony among all marketing elements that support brands (2008) Powell, Guy R., Return on Marketing Investment: Demand More From Your Marketing And Sales Investments (2003) RPI Press. ISBN 0-9718598-1-7; Schultz, Don E., Measuring Brand Communication ROI (1997) Assn of Natl Advertisers. ISBN 1-56318-053-7
The traditional marketing mix refers to four broad levels of marketing decision, namely: product, price, promotion, and place. [19] When implemented successfully, these activities should deliver a firm's products or services to target consumers in a cost efficient manner. The four core marketing activities include: product, price, place and ...
Marc Oliver Opresnik (/ oʊ ˈ p r ɛ s n ɪ k / oh-PRESS-ik; [1] born September 27, 1969) is a German professor, scholar, author and researcher. He is a professor of business administration with focus on marketing at the Lübeck University of Applied Sciences in Germany and Chief Research Officer at Kotler Impact Inc., the organization founded by the American marketing professor Philip Kotler.