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The detection of charged particles within the chamber is possible by the ionizing of gas particles due to the motion of the charged particle. [14] The Fermilab detector CDF II contains a drift chamber called the Central Outer Tracker. [15] The chamber contains argon and ethane gas, and wires separated by 3.56-millimetre gaps. [16]
Together, these planes read out signals from the drift electrons. For a detector with N anode wire planes, the inner N − 1 planes are called induction planes. These are set at lower (more negative) potentials than the outer plane, allowing drift electrons to pass through them, inducing signals that are used for event reconstruction.
Therefore, chambers to detect muons are placed at the very edge of the experiment where they are the only particles likely to register a signal. To identify muons and measure their momenta, CMS uses three types of detector: drift tubes (DT), cathode strip chambers (CSC), resistive plate chambers (RPC), and Gas electron multiplier (GEM).
The main difference was the detector design; UA1 was a multipurpose detector, while UA2 had a more limited scope. [1] UA2 was optimized for the detection of electrons from W and Z decays . The emphasis was on a highly granular calorimeter – a detector measuring how much energy particles deposit – with spherical projective geometry, which ...
Particle identification is the process of using information left by a particle passing through a particle detector to identify the type of particle. Particle identification reduces backgrounds and improves measurement resolutions, and is essential to many analyses at particle detectors.
Monitor chambers are typically PPICs which are used to continuously measure such as a radiation beam's intensity. For example, within the head of linear accelerators used for radiotherapy. Multi-cavity ionization chambers can measure the intensity of the radiation beam in several different regions, providing beam symmetry and flatness information.
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Ionization chambers operate at a low electric field strength, selected such that no gas multiplication takes place. The ion current is generated by the creation of "ion pairs", consisting of an ion and an electron. The ions drift to the cathode while free electrons drift to the anode under the influence of the electric field.