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In hash-based cryptography, the Merkle signature scheme is a digital signature scheme based on Merkle trees (also called hash trees) and one-time signatures such as the Lamport signature scheme. It was developed by Ralph Merkle in the late 1970s [ 1 ] and is an alternative to traditional digital signatures such as the Digital Signature ...
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Hash-based signature schemes use one-time signature schemes as their building block. A given one-time signing key can only be used to sign a single message securely. Indeed, signatures reveal part of the signing key. The security of (hash-based) one-time signature schemes relies exclusively on the security of an underlying hash function.
The term digital card [1] can refer to a physical item, such as a memory card on a camera, [2] [3] or, increasingly since 2017, to the digital content hosted as a virtual card or cloud card, as a digital virtual representation of a physical card.
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An electronic identification ("eID") is a digital solution for proof of identity of citizens or organizations.They can be used to view to access benefits or services provided by government authorities, banks or other companies, for mobile payments, etc. Apart from online authentication and login, many electronic identity services also give users the option to sign electronic documents with a ...
Each Lamport key can only be used to sign a single message. However, many Lamport signatures can be handled by one Merkle hash tree, thus a single hash tree key can be used for many messages, making this a fairly efficient digital signature scheme. The Lamport signature cryptosystem was invented in 1979 and named after its inventor, Leslie Lamport.
The ElGamal signature scheme is a digital signature scheme which is based on the difficulty of computing discrete logarithms. It was described by Taher Elgamal in 1985. [1] The ElGamal signature algorithm is rarely used in practice. A variant developed at the NSA and known as the Digital Signature Algorithm is much more widely used