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During the war, Portugal was the second largest recipient of Nazi gold, after Switzerland. Initially the Nazi trade with Portugal was in hard currency, but in 1941 the Central Bank of Portugal established that much of this was counterfeit and Portuguese leader António de Oliveira Salazar demanded all further payments in gold.
However, the federal government, in War Production Board Order L-208, ordered gold mines closed, to free up resources for the war effort during World War II, and production fell to 148,000 troy ounces (4,600 kg) in 1943. Post-war gold production never reached the peak of the early 1940s, as inflation and the fixed price of gold eroded its value ...
Rundell, Walter (1961). "Currency Control by the United States Army in World War II: Foundation for Failure". Pacific Historical Review. 30 (4): 381– 399. doi:10.2307/3636424. JSTOR 3636424. Walsh, Brian (June 2024). The "Rape" of Japan: The Myth of Mass Sexual Violence During the Allied Occupation. Naval Institute Press. ISBN 978-1682479308.
The gold was stored in the main vault of the Norges Bank's headquarters in Oslo.During the increasing tension of the 1930s, plans were made to make the gold more mobile. When the Second World War broke out, these plans were accelerated and the gold was packed into 818 crates of 40 kilograms (88 lb), 685 crates of 25 kilograms (55 lb) and 39 barrels of gold coins, weighing 80 kilograms (180 lb ...
Top Secret Tales of World War II (2008 ed.). Book Sales. ISBN 9780785819516. - Total pages: 244 ; Draper, Alfred (1979). Operation Fish: The Fight to Save the Gold of Britain, France and Norway from the Nazis (1979 ed.). General. ISBN 9780773600683. - Total pages: 377 ; Library and Archives Canada (2013). "Hiding British Gold". Library and ...
Morris Anolik was arrested in New York with $5,000 in U.S. and foreign gold coins; Dan Levin and Edward Friedman of San Jose were arrested with $15,000 in gold; Sam Nankin was arrested in Oakland; in San Francisco, nine men were arrested on charges of hoarding gold. In all, $24,000 in gold was seized by Secret Service Agents during the operation.
The Nixon shock was the effect of a series of economic measures, including wage and price freezes, surcharges on imports, and the unilateral cancellation of the direct international convertibility of the United States dollar to gold, taken by United States president Richard Nixon on 15 August 1971 in response to increasing inflation.
In 1944, the Allies of World War II developed the Bretton Woods system that pegged the dollar to gold and other currencies to the dollar. This system continued until 1971 when President Richard Nixon , in what came to be known as the " Nixon Shock ", announced that the United States would no longer convert dollars to gold at a fixed value even ...