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Thread safe, MT-safe: Use a mutex for every single resource to guarantee the thread to be free of race conditions when those resources are accessed by multiple threads simultaneously. Thread safety guarantees usually also include design steps to prevent or limit the risk of different forms of deadlocks , as well as optimizations to maximize ...
Note that this only covers physical memory addresses. Trying to access an undefined virtual memory address is generally considered to be a segmentation fault rather than a bus error, though if the MMU is separate, the processor cannot tell the difference.
In computer programming, thread-local storage (TLS) is a memory management method that uses static or global memory local to a thread. The concept allows storage of data that appears to be global in a system with separate threads. Many systems impose restrictions on the size of the thread-local memory block, in fact often rather tight limits.
At the level of code errors, this occurs when the program writes to part of its own code segment or the read-only portion of the data segment, as these are loaded by the OS into read-only memory. Here is an example of ANSI C code that will generally cause a segmentation fault on platforms with memory protection.
Instead, memory safety properties must either be guaranteed by the compiler via static program analysis and automated theorem proving or carefully managed by the programmer at runtime. [11] For example, the Rust programming language implements a borrow checker to ensure memory safety, [12] while C and C++ provide no
The memory model defined in the C11 and C++11 standards specify that a C or C++ program containing a data race has undefined behavior. [ 3 ] [ 4 ] A race condition can be difficult to reproduce and debug because the end result is nondeterministic and depends on the relative timing between interfering threads.
The ability to detect non-fatal errors is a major distinction between PurifyPlus and similar programs from the usual debuggers.By contrast, debuggers generally only allow the programmer to quickly find the sources of fatal errors, such as a program crash due to dereferencing a null pointer, but do not help to detect the non-fatal memory errors.
The Message Passing Interface (MPI) is a portable message-passing standard designed to function on parallel computing architectures. [1] The MPI standard defines the syntax and semantics of library routines that are useful to a wide range of users writing portable message-passing programs in C, C++, and Fortran.