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The Soviet crewed lunar programs were a series of programs pursued by the Soviet Union to land humans on the Moon, in competition with the United States Apollo program.The Soviet government publicly denied participating in such a competition, but secretly pursued two programs in the 1960s: crewed lunar flyby missions using Soyuz 7K-L1 (Zond) spacecraft launched with the Proton-K rocket, and a ...
The Soviet Union monitored the missions at their Space Transmissions Corps, which was "fully equipped with the latest intelligence-gathering and surveillance equipment". [9] Vasily Mishin, in an interview for the article "The Moon Programme That Faltered", describes how the Soviet Moon programme dwindled after the Apollo landing. [10]
The first cosmonaut landings were to be done with the LK Moon landing module of L3 spacecraft. The realization of the project depended on key parts of the N1-L3 program - the N-1 superheavy launcher, all 4 launches of which failed between 1969 and 1972. Before the cancellation of the Soviet human Moon program, the new project N1F-L3M was ...
First spacecraft to land successfully on the Moon. Touchdown on 3 February 1966 at 18:45:30 UTC. [38] Returned data until 6 February at 22:55 UTC. [39] With its soft landing, the Soviet Union became the first country to successfully land on the lunar surface. 38: Kosmos 111 (E-6S No.204) Kosmos 111: 1 March 1966: Molniya-M: Lavochkin: Orbiter ...
Luna 16 was an uncrewed 1970 space mission, part of the Soviet Luna program.It was the first robotic probe to land on the Moon and return a sample of lunar soil to Earth. [4] [5] The 101 grams (3.56 ounces) sample was returned from Mare Fecunditatis.
Parabolic dish TNA-400 and abandoned NIP-10. Lunokhod's original primary mission was to be the back-up for L3 crewed Moon expeditions and for the later Zvezda lunar base. [citation needed] For mission safety, weeks before the human mission on a LK lander, an LK-R uncrewed lander from the L3 lunar expedition complex and two Lunokhod automated rovers would be sent to the Moon for a preliminary ...
Luna 9 (Луна-9), internal designation Ye-6 No.13, was an uncrewed space mission of the Soviet Union's Luna programme. On 3 February 1966, the Luna 9 spacecraft became the first spacecraft to achieve a soft landing on the Moon and return imagery from its surface. [3] [5]
Luna 15 was a robotic space mission of the Soviet Luna programme, that was in lunar orbit together with the Apollo 11 Command module Columbia.. On 21 July 1969, while Apollo 11 astronauts finished the first human moonwalk, Luna 15, a robotic Soviet spacecraft in lunar orbit at the time, began its descent to the lunar surface.