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  2. Water–cement ratio - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water–cement_ratio

    A higher ratio gives a too fluid concrete mix resulting in a too porous hardened concrete of poor quality. Often, the concept also refers to the ratio of water to cementitious materials, w/cm. Cementitious materials include cement and supplementary cementitious materials such as ground granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBFS), fly ash (FA), silica ...

  3. Abrams' law - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abrams'_law

    Abrams' law (also called Abrams' water-cement ratio law) [1] is a concept in civil engineering. The law states the strength of a concrete mix is inversely related to the mass ratio of water to cement. [1] [2] As the water content increases, the strength of concrete decreases. Abrams’ law is a special case of a general rule formulated ...

  4. Rule of mixtures - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rule_of_mixtures

    where is the volume fraction of the fibers in the composite (and is the volume fraction of the matrix).. If it is assumed that the composite material behaves as a linear-elastic material, i.e., abiding Hooke's law = for some elastic modulus of the composite and some strain of the composite , then equations 1 and 2 can be combined to give

  5. Properties of concrete - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Properties_of_concrete

    The ultimate strength of concrete is influenced by the water-cementitious ratio (w/cm), the design constituents, and the mixing, placement and curing methods employed. All things being equal, concrete with a lower water-cement (cementitious) ratio makes a stronger concrete than that with a higher ratio. [2]

  6. Volume fraction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volume_fraction

    The volume of such a mixture is slightly less than the sum of the volumes of the components. Thus, by the above definition, the term "40% alcohol by volume" refers to a mixture of 40 volume units of ethanol with enough water to make a final volume of 100 units, rather than a mixture of 40 units of ethanol with 60 units of water.

  7. Foam concrete - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foam_concrete

    The energy absorption capacity of foamed concrete was approximated from drop testing and found to vary from 4 to 15 MJ/m 3 depending on its density. With optimum absorption estimated from a 1000 kg/m 3 moderate density mix at water to cement (w/c) ratios from 0·6 to 0·7. [17]

  8. Sorptivity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sorptivity

    In 1957 John Philip introduced the term sorptivity and defined it as a measure of the capacity of the medium to absorb or desorb liquid by capillarity. [1]According to C Hall and W D Hoff, the sorptivity expresses the tendency of a material to absorb and transmit water and other liquids by capillarity.

  9. Precast concrete lifting anchor system - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Precast_concrete_lifting...

    The weight of the element can be determined by the calculated volume, and using the specific gravity (normal weight reinforced concrete is approximately 24 kN/m3). Establishing the lifting anchor positions will influence the rigging arrangements used and therefore the static analysis of the rigging should be determined.