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The difference (1.4% versus 1.5%) is caused by the different production volume used in the models. In the productivity model the input volume is used as a production volume measure giving the growth rate 1.063. In this case productivity is defined as follows: output volume per one unit of input volume.
Output is the result of an economic process that has used inputs to produce a product or service that is available for sale or use somewhere else.. Net output, sometimes called netput is a quantity, in the context of production, that is positive if the quantity is output by the production process and negative if it is an input to the production process.
3. The analysis is restricted to the relevant range specified and beyond that the results can become unreliable. 4. Aside from volume, other elements like inflation, efficiency, capacity and technology impact on costs. 5. Impractical to assume sales mix remain constant since this depends on the changing demand levels. 6.
The equation below (in Cobb–Douglas form) is often used to represent total output (Y) as a function of total-factor productivity (A), capital input (K), labour input (L), and the two inputs' respective shares of output (α and β are the share of contribution for K and L respectively). As usual for equations of this form, an increase in ...
When the price increase leads to a small decline in demand, the company can increase the price as much as possible before the demand becomes elastic. Generally, it is difficult to change the impact of the price according to the demand, because the demand may occur due to many other factors besides the price.
The profit model may represent actual data (c), planned data (p)or standard data (s) which is the actual sales quantities at the planned costs. The actual data model will be (using equation 8): π = p c *q c - [F c + (mμ c + lλ c + n c)q c] The planned data model will be (using equation 8): π = p p *q p - [F p + (mμ p + lλ p + n p)q p]
The actual usefulness of a product (its use-value) is not measured – assuming the use-value to be any different from its market value. Three strategies have been used to obtain the market values of all the goods and services produced: the product (or output) method, the expenditure method, and the income method.
Theoretical framework of the model can be either cost theory or production theory. In a model based on the production theory, the volume of activity is measured by input volume. In a model based on the cost theory, the volume of activity is measured by output volume. Accounting technique, i.e. how measurement results are produced, can differ.