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Folinic acid, also known as leucovorin, is a medication used to decrease the toxic effects of methotrexate and pyrimethamine. [2] [3] It is also used in combination with 5-fluorouracil to treat colorectal cancer and pancreatic cancer, may be used to treat folate deficiency that results in anemia, and methanol poisoning.
Both high-folate diets and supplemental folic acid may help reduce the toxic side-effects of low-dose methotrexate without decreasing its effectiveness. [ 8 ] [ 9 ] Anyone taking low-dose methotrexate for the health problems listed above should consult with a physician about the need for a folic acid supplement.
They are taken by mouth, injection into a vein, or injection into a muscle. [12] While benefits may be seen in days, up to two months may be required until iron levels return to normal. [14] Common side effects include constipation, abdominal pain, dark stools, and diarrhea. [14]
They are given by injection. [2] Common side effects may include joint pain, rash, vomiting, and headache. [4] Serious side effects may include heart attacks, stroke, increased cancer growth, or pure red cell aplasia. [2] It is unclear if use is safe during pregnancy. [5] [6] They work similar to naturally occurring erythropoietin. [1]
A meta-analysis of global birth prevalence of spina bifida showed that when mandatory fortification was compared to countries with voluntary fortification or no fortification program, there was a 30% reduction in live births with spina bifida, [33] with some countries reporting a greater than 50% reduction. [34] Folic acid is added to grain ...
Signs of folate deficiency anemia most of the time are subtle. [4] Anemia (macrocytic, megaloblastic anemia) can be a sign of advanced folate deficiency in adults. [1] Folate deficiency anemia may result in feeling tired, weakness, changes to the color of the skin or hair, open sores on the mouth, shortness of breath, palpitations, lightheadedness, cold hands and feet, headaches, easy bleeding ...
It can be administered orally, and by intravenous injection, or intramuscular injection. [1] Early Iron Supplement for Anemia. Iron preparation stimulates red blood cell production. The action is regulated by various iron-binding proteins in the body, such as ferritin and transferrin.
One study in 184 premature infants, reported that individuals given monthly vitamin B 12 injections (100 μg) or taking supplements of vitamin B 12 and folic acid (100 μg/day), had higher haemoglobin concentrations after 10–12 weeks, compared to those only taking folic acid or those taking no vitamin B 12 injections. [87]