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The rash of scarlet fever, which is what differentiates this disease from an isolated group A strep pharyngitis (or strep throat), is caused by specific strains of group A streptococcus that produce a streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin, [21] which is mainly responsible for the skin manifestation of the infection. [25]
Scarlet fever is also a non-invasive infection caused by GAS, although much less common. The invasive infections caused by Group A β-hemolytic streptococcus tend to be more severe and less common. These occurs when the bacterium is able to infect areas where bacteria are not usually found, such as blood and organs. [8]
Group A Streptococcus (Group A Strep or Strep A) bacteria can cause many different infections. ... Scarlet fever symptoms are often flu-like, including a high temperature, a sore throat and ...
[9] [10] Common symptoms include fever, sore throat, red tonsils, and enlarged lymph nodes in the front of the neck. A headache and nausea or vomiting may also occur. [11] Some develop a sandpaper-like rash which is known as scarlet fever. [2] Symptoms typically begin one to three days after exposure and last seven to ten days. [2] [3] [11]
S. pyogenes is the cause of many human diseases, ranging from mild superficial skin infections to life-threatening systemic diseases. [2] The most frequent manifestations of disease are commonly known as scarlet fever. Infections typically begin in the throat or skin. The most striking sign is a strawberry-like rash.
Pyrogenic, in streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin, means "causes fever." [13] Erythrogenic refers to the typical red rash of scarlet fever. In older literature, these toxins are also referred to as scarlatina toxins or scarlet fever toxins due to their role as the causative agents of the disease. [2]
Monkeypox, polio and scarlet fever are worrisome for many people scarred by COVID-19 pandemic. Skip to main content. Sign in. Mail. 24/7 Help. For premium support please call: 800-290-4726 more ...
Rheumatic fever, a disease that affects the joints, kidneys, and heart valves, is a consequence of untreated strep A infection caused not by the bacterium itself, but due to the antibodies created by the immune system to fight off the infection cross-reacting with other proteins in the body. This "cross-reaction" causes the body to essentially ...