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The Vroom–Yetton contingency model is a situational leadership theory of industrial and organizational psychology developed by Victor Vroom, in collaboration with Philip Yetton (1973) and later with Arthur Jago (1988). The situational theory argues the best style of leadership is contingent to the situation.
Vroom [1] [3] identified five types of decision-making processes, each varying on degree of participation by the leader. Decide: The leader makes the decision or solves the problem alone and announces his/her decision to the group. The leader may gather information from members of the group.
Reflections on leadership and decision-making. Journal of General Management, 93, 18-36. 1983. Leaders and leadership in academe. The Review of Higher Education, 64, 367-386. 1980. An evaluation of two alternatives to the Vroom – Yetton normative model. Academy of Management Journal, 232, 347-355. 1978. Predicting leader behavior from a ...
The democratic leader must also be able to communicate that decision back to the group to bring unity to the plan is chosen. [20] The democratic leader delegates authority, encourages participation, and relies on personal power (expert and referent power) to manage subordinates. The subordinates with democratic leadership:
Victor Vroom, in collaboration with Phillip Yetton [61] and later with Arthur Jago, [62] developed a taxonomy for describing leadership situations. They used this in a normative decision model in which leadership styles were connected to situational variables, defining which approach was more suitable to which situation. [63]
The participatory management model or at least techniques for systematically sharing authority emphasize concerns with the delegation of decision making authority to employees. Participatory management has cut across many disciplines such as public administration, urban planning, and public policy making.
A leadership style is a leader's method of providing direction, implementing plans, and motivating people. [1] Various authors have proposed identifying many different leadership styles as exhibited by leaders in the political , business or other fields.
"At its heart is the leader's self-awareness, his progress toward self-mastery and technical competence, and his sense of connection with those around him. It's the inner core, the source, of a leader's outer leadership effectiveness." (Scouller, 2011). The idea is that if leaders want to be effective they must work on all three levels in parallel.