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Table of specific heat capacities at 25 °C (298 K) unless otherwise noted. [citation needed] Notable minima and maxima are shown in maroon. Substance Phase Isobaric mass heat capacity c P J⋅g −1 ⋅K −1 Molar heat capacity, C P,m and C V,m J⋅mol −1 ⋅K −1 Isobaric volumetric heat capacity C P,v J⋅cm −3 ⋅K −1 Isochoric ...
In those contexts, the unit of heat capacity is 1 BTU/°R ≈ 1900 J/K. [5] The BTU was in fact defined so that the average heat capacity of one pound of water would be 1 BTU/°F. In this regard, with respect to mass, note conversion of 1 Btu/lb⋅°R ≈ 4,187 J/kg⋅K [ 6 ] and the calorie (below).
To achieve the same increase in temperature, more heat energy is needed for a gram of that substance than for a gram of a monatomic gas. Thus, the specific heat capacity per mole of a polyatomic gas depends both on the molecular mass and the number of degrees of freedom of the molecules. [25] [26] [27]
where R is the ideal gas ... each additional degree of freedom will contribute 1 / 2 R to the molar heat capacity of the gas ... 31.3: 5.5: 38.0: 7.1 ...
Therefore, the kinetic energy per kelvin of one mole of monatomic ideal gas (D = 3) is = =, where is the Avogadro constant, and R is the ideal gas constant. Thus, the ratio of the kinetic energy to the absolute temperature of an ideal monatomic gas can be calculated easily:
Macroscopically, the ideal gas law states that, for an ideal gas, the product of pressure p and volume V is proportional to the product of amount of substance n and absolute temperature T: =, where R is the molar gas constant (8.314 462 618 153 24 J⋅K −1 ⋅mol −1). [4]
J.A. Dean (ed.), Lange's Handbook of Chemistry (15th Edition), McGraw-Hill, 1999; Section 6, Thermodynamic Properties; Table 6.4, Heats of Fusion, Vaporization, and Sublimation and Specific Heat at Various Temperatures of the Elements and Inorganic Compounds
Heat capacity is a measurable physical quantity equal to the ratio of the heat added to an object to the resulting temperature change. [76] The molar heat capacity is the heat capacity per unit amount (SI unit: mole) of a pure substance, and the specific heat capacity, often called simply specific heat, is the heat capacity per unit mass of a ...