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The Late Pleistocene to the beginning of the Holocene saw the extinction of the majority of the world's megafauna (typically defined as animal species having body masses over 44 kilograms (97 lb)), [1] which resulted in a collapse in faunal density and diversity across the globe. [2]
Pliocene–Pleistocene boundary extinction: 2 Ma: Possible causes include a supernova [7] [8] or the Eltanin impact [9] [10] Middle Miocene disruption: 14.5 Ma Climate change due to change of ocean circulation patterns. Milankovitch cycles may have also contributed [11] Paleogene: Eocene–Oligocene extinction event: 33.9 Ma
Over 50 genera (~ 83%) of megafauna in South and North America went extinct during the Pleistocene. [42] most mega mammals (>1000kg) and large mammals (>40kg) went extinct by the end of the Late Pleistocene. [43] During this period there was a major cooling event called the Younger Dryas and the Clovis culture of capturing game became more ...
The causes of these extinctions are varied — land-use change, habitat loss, deforestation, intensive farming and agriculture, invasive species, overhunting and the climate crisis — but all ...
Paul Martin at Rampart Cave, home of the Shasta ground sloth in Grand Canyon, ca. 1975. Paul Schultz Martin (born in Allentown, Pennsylvania in 1928, died in Tucson, Arizona September 13, 2010) [1] [2] was an American geoscientist at the University of Arizona who developed the theory that the Pleistocene extinction of large mammals worldwide was caused by overhunting by humans. [3]
The last two genera, Cuvieronius ranging southern North America to western South America, and Notiomastodon ranging over most of South America, continued to exist until the end of the Pleistocene around 12,000 years ago, when they became extinct along with many other megafauna species following the arrival of humans.
Both groups started evolving in the Lower Paleocene, possibly from condylarth stock, diversified, dwindled before the great interchange, and went extinct at the end of the Pleistocene. The pyrotheres and astrapotheres were also strange, but were less diverse and disappeared earlier, well before the interchange.
Biological taxa that went extinct during the Pleistocene epoch of geologic time, between 2.58 million and 11.7 thousand years ago, during the early Quaternary Period of the Cenozoic Era See also the preceding Category:Pliocene extinctions and the succeeding Category:Holocene extinctions