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These can be categorized into three groups; cestodes, nematodes and trematodes. Examples include: Acanthocephala; Ascariasis (roundworms) Cestoda (tapeworms) including: Taenia saginata (human beef tapeworm), Taenia solium (human pork tapeworm), Diphyllobothrium latum (fish tapeworm) and Echinococcosis (hydatid tapeworm)
About 90% of nematodes reside in the top 15 cm (6") of soil. Nematodes do not decompose organic matter, but, instead, are parasitic and free-living organisms that feed on living material. Nematodes can effectively regulate bacterial population and community composition—they may eat up to 5,000 bacteria per minute.
Feeding types of plant-parasitic nematodes. This article is an attempt to list all agricultural pest nematodes. Species are sorted in alphabetical order of Latin name. A
The fine structure of tegument is essentially the same in both the cestodes and trematodes. A typical tegument is 7-16 μm thick, with distinct layers. It is a syncytium consisting of multinucleated tissues with no distinct cell boundaries. The outer zone of the syncytium, called the "distal cytoplasm," is lined with a plasma membrane.
Cestodes are parasites of vertebrates, with each species infecting a single definitive host or group of closely related host species. All but amphilinids and gyrocotylids (which burrow through the gut or body wall to reach the coelom [ 6 ] ) are intestinal, though some life cycle stages rest in muscle or other tissues.
Trematoda is a class of flatworms known as flukes or trematodes. They are obligate internal parasites with a complex life cycle requiring at least two hosts . The intermediate host, in which asexual reproduction occurs, is usually a snail .
Trematodiasis is a group of parasitic infections caused by different species of flukes, in humans mainly by digenean trematodes. [4] Symptoms can range from mild to severe depending on the species, number and location of trematodes in the infected organism. [ 1 ]
With its draft genome sequence published in 2015, F. hepatica is known to have the largest nuclear genome size among trematodes so far sequenced. It is about 1.3 Gb, [30] which is two times that of Opisthorchis viverrini with 634.5 Mb, the second largest genome among trematodes. [31] The genome is contained in 10 pairs of chromosomes.