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Urinary anti-infective agent, also known as urinary antiseptic, is medication that can eliminate microorganisms causing urinary tract infection (UTI). UTI can be categorized into two primary types: cystitis , which refers to lower urinary tract or bladder infection, and pyelonephritis , which indicates upper urinary tract or kidney infection. [ 1 ]
Methenamine, also known as hexamine or hexamethylenetetramine and sold under the brand names Hiprex, Urex, and Urotropin among others, is a urinary tract antiseptic and antibacterial medication which is used in the prevention of recurrent urinary tract infections (UTIs).
The drug is available over-the-counter (OTC), including in the United States, and is typically taken by mouth three times per day. [1] [2] [3] [4]Methenamine/sodium salicylate is marketed under several brand names, including Cystex Urinary Pain Relief, AZO Urinary Tract Defense, Uro-Pain Dual Action, and CVS Antibacterial Plus Urinary Pain Relief.
Nitrofurantoin is contraindicated in patients with decreased renal function (CrCl < 60 ml/min) due to systemic accumulation and subtherapeutic levels reached in the urinary tract. [9] However, a retrospective chart review suggests the data for this cutoff are slim and a cutoff of CrCl < 40 ml/min would be more appropriate. [ 42 ]
A urinary tract infection (UTI) is an infection that affects a part of the urinary tract. [1] Lower urinary tract infections may involve the bladder ( cystitis ) or urethra ( urethritis ) while upper urinary tract infections affect the kidney ( pyelonephritis ). [ 10 ]
Hexamethylenetetramine was first introduced into the medical setting in 1895 as a urinary antiseptic. [31] It was officially approved by the FDA for medical use in the United States in 1967. [ 32 ] However, it was only used in cases of acidic urine, whereas boric acid was used to treat urinary tract infections with alkaline urine. [ 33 ]
Fosfomycin, sold under the brand name Monurol among others, is an antibiotic primarily used to treat lower urinary tract infections. [8] It is not indicated for kidney infections. [8] Occasionally it is used for prostate infections. [8] It is generally taken by mouth. [8]
Phenazopyridine is a medication which, when excreted by the kidneys into the urine, has a local analgesic effect on the urinary tract. It is often used to help with the pain , irritation , or urgency caused by urinary tract infections , surgery , or injury to the urinary tract.