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  2. Tape correction (surveying) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tape_correction_(surveying)

    According to the section of tension correction some tapes are calibrated for sag at standard tension. These tapes will require complex sag and tension corrections if used at non-standard tensions. The correction due to sag must be calculated separately for each unsupported stretch separately and is given by:

  3. Sagitta (geometry) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sagitta_(geometry)

    In geometry, the sagitta (sometimes abbreviated as sag [1]) of a circular arc is the distance from the midpoint of the arc to the midpoint of its chord. [2] It is used extensively in architecture when calculating the arc necessary to span a certain height and distance and also in optics where it is used to find the depth of a spherical mirror ...

  4. Hogging and sagging - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hogging_and_sagging

    Therefore, sagging can reduce her effective cargo capacity – especially if her loadline has already been reached prematurely due to the sag. [5] This is taken into account when calculating cargo, by applying what is called a "3/4 mean draft". This method is also called the "two-thirds mean correction", directly derived from Simpson's first rule.

  5. List of optics equations - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_optics_equations

    Bolometric correction: C bol ... The Cambridge Handbook of Physics Formulas. Cambridge University Press. ... University Physics – With Modern Physics (12th ed ...

  6. Spherical aberration - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spherical_aberration

    On top is a depiction of a perfect lens without spherical aberration: all incoming rays are focused in the focal point. The bottom example depicts a real lens with spherical surfaces, which produces spherical aberration: The different rays do not meet after the lens in one focal point.

  7. Sagnac effect - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sagnac_effect

    Laue said that in the Harress experiment there was a calculable difference in time due to both the dragging of light (which follows from the relativistic velocity addition in moving media, i.e. in moving glass) and "the fact that every part of the rotating apparatus runs away from one ray, while it approaches the other one", i.e. the Sagnac ...

  8. End correction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/End_correction

    The end correction depends on the radius of the object. An acoustic pipe, such as an organ pipe, marimba, or flute resonates at a specific pitch or frequency. Longer pipes resonate at lower frequencies, producing lower-pitched sounds. The details of acoustic resonance are taught in many elementary physics classes. In an ideal tube, the ...

  9. Fine structure - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fine_structure

    The fine structure energy corrections can be obtained by using perturbation theory.To perform this calculation one must add three corrective terms to the Hamiltonian: the leading order relativistic correction to the kinetic energy, the correction due to the spin–orbit coupling, and the Darwin term coming from the quantum fluctuating motion or zitterbewegung of the electron.