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In the Y-factor technique, P out is measured for two different, known values of T R. P out is then converted to an effective temperature T out (in units of kelvin) by dividing by k B and the measurement bandwidth B. The two values of T out are then plotted as a function of T R (also in units of kelvin), and a line is fit to these points (see ...
That is, observed temperatures above 60 °F (or the base temperature used) typically correlate with a correction factor below "1", while temperatures below 60 °F correlate with a factor above "1". This concept lies in the basis for the kinetic theory of matter and thermal expansion of matter , which states as the temperature of a substance ...
Knowing both Y and the ENR, one can then determine the amount of noise contributed by the amplifier and hence can calculate the noise figure of the amplifier. Other techniques exist for making this measurement but either require accurate measurements of impedance or are inaccurate. The following formula relates Y-factor to ENR:
Pearson's correlation coefficient is the covariance of the two variables divided by the product of their standard deviations. The form of the definition involves a "product moment", that is, the mean (the first moment about the origin) of the product of the mean-adjusted random variables; hence the modifier product-moment in the name.
Sigmoid functions most often show a return value (y axis) in the range 0 to 1. Another commonly used range is from −1 to 1. A wide variety of sigmoid functions including the logistic and hyperbolic tangent functions have been used as the activation function of artificial neurons.
The equation can be used to fit (regress) discrete values of the shift factor a T vs. temperature. Here, values of shift factor a T are obtained by horizontal shift log(a T ) of creep compliance data plotted vs. time or frequency in double logarithmic scale so that a data set obtained experimentally at temperature T superposes with the data set ...
where is the density of the fluid, is the average velocity in the pipe, is the friction factor from the Moody chart, is the length of the pipe and is the pipe diameter. The chart plots Darcy–Weisbach friction factor f D {\displaystyle f_{D}} against Reynolds number Re for a variety of relative roughnesses, the ratio of the mean height of ...
The Eyring equation (occasionally also known as Eyring–Polanyi equation) is an equation used in chemical kinetics to describe changes in the rate of a chemical reaction against temperature. It was developed almost simultaneously in 1935 by Henry Eyring , Meredith Gwynne Evans and Michael Polanyi .
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