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Quartz is, therefore, classified structurally as a framework silicate mineral and compositionally as an oxide mineral. Quartz is the second most abundant mineral in Earth's continental crust, behind feldspar. [9] Quartz exists in two forms, the normal α-quartz and the high-temperature β-quartz, both of which are chiral. The transformation ...
Minerals are distinguished by various chemical and physical properties. Differences in chemical composition and crystal structure distinguish the various species. Within a mineral species there may be variation in physical properties or minor amounts of impurities that are recognized by mineralogists or wider society as a mineral variety.
Mineralogy is a subject of geology specializing in the scientific study of the chemistry, crystal structure, and physical (including optical) properties of minerals and mineralized artifacts. Specific studies within mineralogy include the processes of mineral origin and formation, classification of minerals, their geographical distribution, as ...
They are most commonly named after a person, followed by discovery location; names based on chemical composition or physical properties are the two other major groups of mineral name etymologies. [ 18 ] [ 19 ] Most names end in "-ite"; the exceptions are usually names that were well-established before the organization of mineralogy as a ...
Many of the minerals of these rocks are schillerized, as they contain minute platy or rod-shaped inclusions, disposed parallel to certain crystallographic planes or axes. The reflection of light from the surfaces of these inclusions gives the minerals often a peculiar appearance, e.g. the quartz is blue and opalescent, the feldspar has a milky ...
Quartz is one of the several crystalline forms of silica, SiO 2. The most important forms of silica include: α-quartz, β-quartz, tridymite, cristobalite, coesite, and stishovite. Polymorphism is the occurrence of multiple crystalline forms of a material. It is found in many crystalline materials including polymers, minerals, and metals ...
Mineral alteration refers to the various natural processes that alter a mineral's chemical composition or crystallography. [1]Mineral alteration is essentially governed by the laws of thermodynamics related to energy conservation, relevant to environmental conditions, often in presence of catalysts, the most common and influential being water (H 2 O).
Properties Soda–lime glass (for containers) [2] Borosilicate (low expansion, similar to Pyrex, Duran) Glass wool (for thermal insulation) Special optical glass (similar to Lead crystal) Fused silica Germania glass Germanium selenide glass Chemical composition, wt% 74 SiO 2, 13 Na 2 O, 10.5 CaO, 1.3 Al 2 O 3, 0.3 K 2 O, 0.2 SO 3, 0.2 MgO, 0.01 ...