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In physics, black hole thermodynamics [1] is the area of study that seeks to reconcile the laws of thermodynamics with the existence of black hole event horizons.As the study of the statistical mechanics of black-body radiation led to the development of the theory of quantum mechanics, the effort to understand the statistical mechanics of black holes has had a deep impact upon the ...
The Unruh temperature has the same form as the Hawking temperature T H = ħg / 2πck B with g denoting the surface gravity of a black hole, which was derived by Stephen Hawking in 1974. [7] In the light of the equivalence principle, it is, therefore, sometimes called the Hawking–Unruh temperature. [8]
For example, in a CFT defined on dimensional Minkowski space the vacuum state corresponds to pure AdS space, whereas the thermal state corresponds to a planar black hole. [8] Important for the present discussion is that the thermal state of a CFT defined on the d {\displaystyle d} dimensional sphere corresponds to the d + 1 {\displaystyle d+1 ...
A black hole with the mass of a car would have a diameter of about 10 −24 m and take a nanosecond to evaporate, during which time it would briefly have a luminosity of more than 200 times that of the Sun. Lower-mass black holes are expected to evaporate even faster; for example, a black hole of mass 1 TeV/c 2 would take less than 10 −88 ...
For black holes, this manifests as Hawking radiation, and the larger question of how the black hole possesses a temperature is part of the topic of black hole thermodynamics. For accelerating particles, this manifests as the Unruh effect, which causes space around the particle to appear to be filled with matter and radiation.
According to the Bekenstein bound, the entropy of a black hole is proportional to the number of Planck areas that it would take to cover the black hole's event horizon.. In physics, the Bekenstein bound (named after Jacob Bekenstein) is an upper limit on the thermodynamic entropy S, or Shannon entropy H, that can be contained within a given finite region of space which has a finite amount of ...
A classification of black holes by mass: Micro black hole and extra-dimensional black hole; Planck length; Primordial black hole, a hypothetical leftover of the Big Bang; Stellar black hole, which could either be a static black hole or a rotating black hole; Supermassive black hole, which could also either be a static black hole or a rotating ...
In physics, the Cardy formula gives the entropy of a two-dimensional conformal field theory (CFT). In recent years, this formula has been especially useful in the calculation of the entropy of BTZ black holes and in checking the AdS/CFT correspondence and the holographic principle .