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2. pH meter - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PH_meter

   A pH meter is a scientific instrument that measures the hydrogen-ion activity in water-based solutions, indicating its acidity or alkalinity expressed as pH. [2] The pH meter measures the difference in electrical potential between a

3. pH indicator - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PH_indicator

   In and of themselves, pH indicators are usually weak acids or weak bases. The general reaction scheme of acidic pH indicators in aqueous solutions can be formulated as: HInd (aq) + H 2 O (l) ⇌ H 3 O + (aq) + Ind − (aq) where, "HInd" is the acidic form and "Ind −" is the conjugate base of the indicator. Vice versa for basic pH indicators ...

4. pH - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PH

   Primary pH standard values are determined using a concentration cell with transference by measuring the potential difference between a hydrogen electrode and a standard electrode such as the silver chloride electrode. The pH of aqueous solutions can be measured with a glass electrode and a pH meter or a color-changing indicator.

5. Glass electrode - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glass_electrode

   All glass pH electrodes have extremely high electric resistance from 50 to 500 MΩ. Therefore, the glass electrode can be used only with a high input-impedance measuring device like a pH meter, or, more generically, a high input-impedance voltmeter which is called an electrometer.

6. Universal indicator - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal_indicator

   A universal indicator is a pH indicator made of a solution of several compounds that exhibit various smooth colour changes over a wide range pH values to indicate the acidity or alkalinity of solutions. A universal indicator can be in paper form or present in a form of a solution.

7. List of measuring instruments - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_measuring_instruments

   pH meter: pH (chemical acidity/basicity of a solution) photometer: illuminance or irradiance planometer: area polarimeter: rotation of polarized light potentiometer: voltage (term is also used to refer to a variable resistor) profilometer: surface roughness protractor: angle psychrometer: humidity pycnometer: fluid density pyranometer: solar ...