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These views toward abortion are still referenced and used by several modern Islamic theologians and scholars. [1] According to religious studies scholar Zahra Ayubi, historically Muslim thought was more concerned with the topic of preservation of human life and safeguarding of the mother's life than with determining when life begins. [11]
Abortion is perceived as murder by many religious conservatives. [4] Anti-abortion advocates believe that legalized abortion is a threat to social, moral, and religious values. [4] Religious people who advocate abortion rights generally believe that life starts later in the pregnancy, for instance at quickening, after the first trimester. [5]
In the earliest texts, it can be difficult to discern to what extent a particular religious injunction held force as secular law. In later texts, the rationale for abortion laws may be sought in a wide variety of fields including philosophy, religion, and jurisprudence. These rationales were not always included in the wording of the actual laws.
After ensoulment, all schools of Islam allow abortion to save the life of the mother, and in the case of an intrauterine death (miscarriage), but on little other grounds. However, there is a growing movement to allow abortion for malformed foetuses whose deaths are inevitable shortly after birth. [ 15 ]
The issue poses larger social, legal, medical, religious, philosophical, and political ramifications because some people, such as Concerned Women for America, identify the beginning of a pregnancy as the beginning of an individual human being's life. [1] Many of these arguments are related to the anti-abortion movement.
Most Americans did not view abortion as a crime, and abortions continued to occur and became increasingly available. [75] The American Birth Control League was founded by Margaret Sanger in 1921; it would become Planned Parenthood Federation of America in 1942. [76] [77] By the 1930s, licensed physicians performed an estimated 800,000 abortions ...
The Second Great Awakening exercised a profound impact on American religious history. By 1859 evangelicalism emerged as a kind of national church or national religion and was the grand absorbing theme of American religious life. The greatest gains were made by the very well organized Methodists.
Induced abortion has a long history and can be traced back to civilizations as varied as ancient China (abortifacient knowledge is often attributed to the mythological ruler Shennong), [182] ancient India since its Vedic age, [183] ancient Egypt with its Ebers Papyrus (c. 1550 BCE), and the Roman Empire in the time of Juvenal (c. 200 CE). [25]