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Celtic Christianity [a] is a form of Christianity that was common, or held to be common, across the Celtic-speaking world during the Early Middle Ages. [1] The term Celtic Church is deprecated by many historians as it implies a unified and identifiable entity entirely separate from that of mainstream Western Christendom . [ 2 ]
The idea that there was a "Celtic Church" in something of a post-Reformation sense is still maddeningly ineradicable from the minds of students. In placing the synod in its proper historical context, historians of Anglo-Saxon England have also noted the position of the synod in the context of contemporary political tensions.
Furthermore, there is evidence for the Romano-Celtic religion remaining strong in the late 4th century despite Christianity increasingly being adopted during this time in western Roman provinces such as Gaul, where Martin of Tours led violent destructions of pagan holy sites. Christianity nonetheless survived in Britain during the 5th century.
Christianity was just one of these eastern cults. [7] Christianity was an offshoot of Judaism, [8] but there is no direct evidence that Judaism was practised in Roman Britain. [9] These separate religious traditions developed into a hybrid Romano-Celtic religion through cultural mixing. [6]
In the seventh century the pagan Anglo-Saxons were converted to Christianity (Old English: Crīstendōm) mainly by missionaries sent from Rome.Irish missionaries from Iona, who were proponents of Celtic Christianity, were influential in the conversion of Northumbria, but after the Synod of Whitby in 664, the Anglo-Saxon church gave its allegiance to the Pope.
Via Bishop Aidan, Christianity spread among the Picts and Northumbrians. Scholars have long considered the term "Celtic Church" to be inappropriate for describing Christianity among Celtic-speaking peoples, since this would imply a notion of unity, or a self-identifying entity, that did not exist. [2]
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Christianity was probably introduced to what is now Lowland Scotland by Roman soldiers stationed in the north of the province of Britannia.After the collapse of Roman authority in the fifth century, Christianity is presumed to have survived among the British enclaves in the south of what is now Scotland, but retreated as the pagan Anglo-Saxons advanced.