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In catalytic triads, the basic nitrogen of histidine abstracts a proton from serine, threonine, or cysteine to activate it as a nucleophile. In a histidine proton shuttle, histidine is used to quickly shuttle protons. It can do this by abstracting a proton with its basic nitrogen to make a positively charged intermediate and then use another ...
Histidine is thus able to act as a powerful general base, activating the serine nucleophile. The histidine base aids the first leaving group by donating a proton, and also activates the hydrolytic water substrate by abstracting a proton as the remaining OH − attacks the acyl-enzyme intermediate.
12349 Ensembl ENSG00000104267 ENSMUSG00000027562 UniProt P00918 P00920 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_001293675 NM_000067 NM_009801 NM_001357334 RefSeq (protein) NP_000058 NP_001280604 NP_033931 NP_001344263 Location (UCSC) Chr 8: 85.46 – 85.48 Mb Chr 3: 14.95 – 14.97 Mb PubMed search Wikidata View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse Carbonic anhydrase II (gene name CA2) is one of sixteen forms of human α ...
A polyhistidine-tag, best known by the trademarked name His-tag, is an amino acid motif in proteins that typically consists of at least six histidine (His) residues, often at the N- or C-terminus of the protein. It is also known as a hexa histidine-tag, 6xHis-tag, or His6 tag.
The proton motive force and ATP production can be maintained by intracellular acidosis. [89] Cytosolic protons that have accumulated with ATP hydrolysis and lactic acidosis can freely diffuse across the mitochondrial outer-membrane and acidify the inter-membrane space, hence directly contributing to the proton motive force and ATP production.
A holoprotein or conjugated protein is an apoprotein combined with its prosthetic group. [1]Some enzymes do not need additional components to show full activity. Others require non-protein molecules called cofactors to be bound for activity. [2]
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The nucleophilic glutamate 165 residue of TPI deprotonates the substrate, [4] and the electrophilic histidine 95 residue donates a proton to form the enediol intermediate. [5] [6] When deprotonated, the enediolate then collapses and, abstracting a proton from protonated glutamate 165, forms the GAP product. Catalysis of the reverse reaction ...