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These basidiospores are carried long distances by wind currents. They infect trees (usually conifers) through damage such as freshly cut stumps. Once on the stump the fungus colonizes and moves into the root via mycelium. Heterobasidion annosum moves short distances from the roots of an infected stump through root grafts with other trees. It ...
Root rot is a condition in which anoxic conditions in the soil or potting media around the roots of a plant cause them to rot. This occurs due to excessive standing water around the roots. [ 1 ] It is found in both indoor and outdoor plants, although it is more common in indoor plants due to overwatering, heavy potting media, or containers with ...
Laminated root rot also known as yellow ring rot is caused by the fungal pathogen Phellinus weirii. Laminated root rot is one of the most damaging root disease amongst conifers in northwestern America and true firs , Douglas fir , Mountain hemlock , and Western hemlock are highly susceptible to infection with P. weirii .
Classic root disease center symptoms for H. irregulare. Many woody plant species have been reported as hosts for H. irregulare.Hosts consist of pines and some other conifers and hardwoods, including ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa), [3] shortleaf pine (Pinus echinata), red pine (Pinus resinosa), [4] incense-cedar (Calocedrus decurrens), western juniper (Juniperus occidentalis), and Manzanita ...
Chemical treatment of stumps has had some success but is not economical. [ 11 ] in 2015, research was being done to see if biological control was another option, by increasing the incidence of other fungi which naturally colonize pine stumps and compete with Armillaria for the substrate, thus forcing the Armillaria species to be confined to ...
Biological control agents, such as Phlebiopsis gigantea, have been demonstrated as competitive agents to displace Heterobasidion on stumps. [11] Stump removal is a common method to remove inoculum and bait stumps from forests after logging for other Heterobasidion species but is not a common method of control for H. occidentale. [8] [12]
Heterobasidion annosum sensu lato is a collection of the several species that cause Heterobasidion root disease and butt rot of forest trees and occasionally those in landscape plantings across the Northern Hemisphere. These fungi can be saprotrophic or necrotrophic, colonizing nonliving heartwood or living roots. Numerous tree species have ...
Armillaria can remain viable in stumps for 50 years. Chemical treatments do not eradicate the fungus entirely, and they are not cost-effective. The most frequent and effective approach to managing root disease problems is to attempt to control them at final harvest by replanting site-suited tree species that are disease tolerant.
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