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Household items made of various types of plastics. Plastics are a wide range of synthetic or semi-synthetic materials that use polymers as a main ingredient. Their plasticity makes it possible for plastics to be molded, extruded or pressed into solid objects of various shapes. This adaptability, plus a wide range of other properties, such as ...
Typically, polymeric materials are characterized as elastomers, plastics, or rigid polymers depending on their mechanical properties. [ 5 ] The tensile strength , yield strength , and Young's modulus are measures of strength and elasticity, and are of particular interest for describing the stress-strain properties of polymeric materials.
Since 2008, Japan has increased plastic recycling, but still has a large amount of plastic wrapping which goes to waste. Plastic recycling in Japan is a potential US$90 billion market. [26] It is possible to rapidly convert polyethylene to hydrogen and graphene by heating. The energy needed is much less than for producing hydrogen by electrolysis.
LDPE has SPI resin ID code 4 Schematic of LDPE branching structure. Low-density polyethylene (LDPE) is a thermoplastic made from the monomer ethylene.It was the first grade of polyethylene, produced in 1933 by Dr John C. Swallow and M.W Perrin who were working for Imperial Chemical Industries (ICI) using a high pressure process via free radical polymerization. [1]
HDPE is known for its high strength-to-density ratio. [4] The density of HDPE ranges from 930 to 970 kg/m 3. [5] Although the density of HDPE is only marginally higher than that of low-density polyethylene, HDPE has little branching, giving it stronger intermolecular forces and tensile strength (38 MPa versus 21 MPa) than LDPE. [6]
The presence of chloride groups gives the polymer very different properties from the structurally related material polyethylene. [17] At 1.4 g/cm 3, PVC's density is also higher than structurally related plastics such as polyethylene (0.88–0.96 g/cm 3) and polymethylmethacrylate (1.18 g/cm 3).
Its properties are similar to polyethylene, but it is slightly harder and more heat-resistant. It is a white, mechanically rugged material and has a high chemical resistance. [1] Polypropylene is the second-most widely produced commodity plastic (after polyethylene).
Since late 2014 as liner material in type IV composite high pressure gas cylinders. PET works as a much better barrier to oxygen than earlier used (LD)PE. [19] As a 3D printing filament, as well as in the 3D printing plastic PETG (polyethylene terephthalate glycol).