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2. Exponentiation - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exponentiation

   Graphs of y = b x for various bases b: base 10, base e, base 2, base ⁠ 1 / 2 ⁠. Each curve passes through the point (0, 1) because any nonzero number raised to the power of 0 is 1. At x = 1, the value of y equals the base because any number raised to the power of 1 is the number itself.

3. Power of two - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_of_two

   The sum of the reciprocals of the squared powers of two (powers of four) is 1/3. The smallest natural power of two whose decimal representation begins with 7 is [10] = Every power of 2 (excluding 1) can be written as the sum of four square numbers in 24 ways. The powers of 2 are the natural numbers greater than 1 that can be written as the sum ...

4. Exponential function - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exponential_function

   Exponential functions with bases 2 and 1/2 In mathematics , the exponential function is the unique real function which maps zero to one and has a derivative equal to its value. The exponential of a variable ⁠ x {\displaystyle x} ⁠ is denoted ⁠ exp ⁡ x {\displaystyle \exp x} ⁠ or ⁠ e x {\displaystyle e^{x}} ⁠ , with the two ...

5. Elementary arithmetic - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elementary_arithmetic

   The sum of two numbers is unique; there is only one correct answer for a sums. [8] When the sum of a pair of digits results in a two-digit number, the "tens" digit is referred to as the "carry digit". [9] In elementary arithmetic, students typically learn to add whole numbers and may also learn about topics such as negative numbers and fractions.

6. Square (algebra) - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Square_(algebra)

   5⋅5, or 5 2 (5 squared), can be shown graphically using a square. Each block represents one unit, 1⋅1, and the entire square represents 5⋅5, or the area of the square. In mathematics, a square is the result of multiplying a number by itself. The verb "to square" is used to denote this operation.

7. Deferent and epicycle - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deferent_and_epicycle

   Various 16th-century books based on Ptolemy and Copernicus use about equal numbers of epicycles. [13] [14] [15] The idea that Copernicus used only 34 circles in his system comes from his own statement in a preliminary unpublished sketch called the Commentariolus. By the time he published De revolutionibus orbium coelestium, he had added more ...

8. Multiplication - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiplication

   Here, 2 is being multiplied by 3 using scaling, giving 6 as a result. Animation for the multiplication 2 × 3 = 6 4 × 5 = 20. The large rectangle is made up of 20 squares, each 1 unit by 1 unit. Area of a cloth 4.5m × 2.5m = 11.25m 2; 4 ⁠ 1 / 2 ⁠ × 2 ⁠ 1 / 2 ⁠ = 11 ⁠ 1 / 4 ⁠

9. Multiplicative inverse - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiplicative_inverse

   For the multiplicative inverse of a real number, divide 1 by the number. For example, the reciprocal of 5 is one fifth (1/5 or 0.2), and the reciprocal of 0.25 is 1 divided by 0.25, or 4. The reciprocal function, the function f(x) that maps x to 1/x, is one of the simplest examples of a function which is its own inverse (an involution).