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Needles in common medical use range from 7 gauge (the largest) to 34 (the smallest). 21-gauge needles are most commonly used for drawing blood for testing purposes, and 16- or 17-gauge needles are most commonly used for blood donation, as the larger luminal cross-sectional area results in lower fluid shear, reducing harm to red blood cells ...
Pravaz, c. 1852 Charles Gabriel Pravaz (24 March 1791 – 24 June 1853) a French orthopedic surgeon, pioneered the hypodermic syringe.. While the concept dated to Galen, [1] the modern syringe is thought [by whom?] to have originated in 15th-century Italy, although it took several centuries for the device to develop.
The Western Medical Tradition: 800 BC to AD 1800 (1995); excerpt and text search. Bynum, W.F. et al. The Western Medical Tradition: 1800–2000 (2006) excerpt and text search; Loudon, Irvine, ed. Western Medicine: An Illustrated History (1997) online Archived 26 September 2017 at the Wayback Machine; McGrew, Roderick. Encyclopedia of Medical ...
1897: Surgical masks made of cloth were developed in Europe by physicians Jan Mikulicz-Radecki at the University of Breslau and Paul Berger in Paris, as a result of increasing awareness of germ theory and the importance of antiseptic procedures in medicine. [452] 1898: Hans von Pechmann synthesizes polyethylene, now the most common plastic in ...
Sutures were made of plant materials (flax, hemp and cotton) or animal material (hair, tendons, arteries, muscle strips and nerves, silk, and catgut). [ citation needed ] The earliest reports of surgical suture date to 3000 BC in ancient Egypt , and the oldest known suture is in a mummy from 1100 BC.
The first commercial staplers were made of stainless steel with titanium staples loaded into reloadable staple cartridges. Modern surgical staplers are either disposable and made of plastic, or reusable and made of stainless steel. Both types are generally loaded using disposable cartridges. The staple line may be straight, curved or circular.
Smallpox inoculation was introduced 1716–1766, well before it was accepted in Europe. The first medical schools were established in Philadelphia in 1765 and New York in 1768. The first textbook appeared in 1775, though physicians had easy access to British textbooks. The first pharmacopoeia appeared in 1778.
A 12th-century manuscript of the Hippocratic Oath in Greek, one of the most famous aspects of classical medicine that carried into later eras. The history of medicine is both a study of medicine throughout history as well as a multidisciplinary field of study that seeks to explore and understand medical practices, both past and present, throughout human societies.