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  2. Fundamental interaction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fundamental_interaction

    The strong interaction, or strong nuclear force, is the most complicated interaction, mainly because of the way it varies with distance. The nuclear force is powerfully attractive between nucleons at distances of about 1 femtometre (fm, or 10 −15 metres), but it rapidly decreases to insignificance at distances beyond about 2.5 fm. At ...

  3. Strong interaction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strong_interaction

    The strong force is described by quantum chromodynamics (QCD), a part of the Standard Model of particle physics. Mathematically, QCD is a non-abelian gauge theory based on a local (gauge) symmetry group called SU(3). The force carrier particle of the strong interaction is the gluon, a massless gauge boson.

  4. Intermolecular force - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intermolecular_force

    An intermolecular force (IMF; also secondary force) is the force that mediates interaction between molecules, including the electromagnetic forces of attraction or repulsion which act between atoms and other types of neighbouring particles (e.g. atoms or ions).

  5. Nuclear force - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_force

    Comparison between the Nuclear Force and the Coulomb Force. a – residual strong force (nuclear force), rapidly decreases to insignificance at distances beyond about 2.5 fm, b – at distances less than ~ 0.7 fm between nucleons centres the nuclear force becomes repulsive, c – coulomb repulsion force between two protons (over 3 fm, force becomes the main), d – equilibrium position for ...

  6. Intramolecular force - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intramolecular_force

    Intramolecular forces such as disulfide bonds give proteins and DNA their structure. Proteins derive their structure from the intramolecular forces that shape them and hold them together. The main source of structure in these molecules is the interaction between the amino acid residues that form the foundation of proteins. [ 7 ]

  7. Orders of magnitude (force) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orders_of_magnitude_(force)

    Examples of force. The following list shows different orders of magnitude of force. Since weight under gravity is a force, several of these examples refer to the weight of various objects. Unless otherwise stated, these are weights under average Earth gravity at sea level.

  8. Non-contact force - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-contact_force

    The most familiar non-contact force is gravity, which confers weight. [1] In contrast, a contact force is a force which acts on an object coming physically in contact with it. [1] All four known fundamental interactions are non-contact forces: [2] Gravity, the force of attraction that exists among all bodies that have mass. The force exerted on ...

  9. Orders of magnitude (energy) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orders_of_magnitude_(energy)

    Estimated energy contained in the world's natural gas reserves as of 2010 [213] [221] 7.0×10 21 J Thermal energy released by the Toba eruption [201] 7.9×10 21 J: Estimated energy contained in the world's petroleum reserves as of 2010 [213] [222] 9.3×10 21 J: Annual net uptake of thermal energy by the global ocean during 2003-2018 [223] 10 22 ...